Individual vs. Society on Daisy Miller Research Proposal

Individual vs. Society on Daisy Miller - Research Proposal Example These traits are a stark contrast to the highly conventional, pretentious European society of old, making her the center of gossip and ill contempt. Even Winterbourne, who first found Daisy’s beauty attractive subsequently developed prejudice against her seemingly careless and wanton ways, although she really did nothing extraordinary that many young Americans are not doing today. In this story, the individual, a denizen of the new world, is unintentionally pitted against a decadent, prudish, traditional and old society as her course takes her into its midst. The conflict in Daisy Miller stems from the fact that the young female protagonist of the story is thrown into a culture and society distinct from her own. In the 1870s, the time when the story was written, Europe was an old decadent society steeped in traditions and conventions and America, especially New York where Daisy’s family originated, was a new, modern, coming-of-age nation. It was in this context that the young, modern American youth is thrown into as she travel as a tourist together with her mother, young brother and courier. Daisy Miller, which is said to be Henry James’ most well-known study of the ‘young feminine nature’, is described as a girl’s heedless rash indifference to the kind of decorum being observed in European civilized society. Although at first blush, her actions would seem to be one of the typical American traits of moral innocence, it turns out to be a want of discriminating judgment which tragically ended in her untime ly death (Berkovitch Cambridge University Press p. 163). Nonetheless, there was nothing terribly wrong in Daisy’s actuations from the modern-day perspective except perhaps the fact that she threw all caution to the wind when she went to the Colosseum in the middle of the night with her friend when the malaria epidemic was rampant. The matter with Daisy is that she personifies everything that is

Early Childhood Education Programs Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Education Programs Essay Early childhood education or preschool education is education for children in the early stages of their childhood before they join school. Several researches that have been conducted by neuroscientists, pediatricians and other stakeholders shows that the biggest portion of the brain architecture takes place in the early childhood years. Research studies have also found out that intellectual and emotional development is critical during the first three years of life. Maria Montessori was one of many educationists who believe that the foundation of human development is laid during the childs early years. She declared that: The most important period of life is not the age of university studies, but the first one, the period from birth to the age of six, (Pandor, 2008 para. 3). Many other educationists assert that the quality of education is determined in the first years of a child in school. Early Childhood Education Programs Preschool education or early childhood education is a quality education and it is beneficial to children from all economic and social groups. Development of quality early childhood programs should be emphasized as it can be viewed as a social and economic strategy. Investing in these programs is therefore not only important to the child but also to the development of the state and the country at large. A research conducted by the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in five states of the United States found out that â€Å"quality public preschool programs produce broad gains in childrens learning and development,† (NIEER, 2005 para. 4). According to the same study, state funded programs were found to have significant gains regardless of the child’s ethnic or economic and social background. The effects of the preschool programs were estimated by testing the literacy skills, vocabulary and academic skills of the kindergarteners. A total of 5,071 children in 1, 320 classrooms were tested in either English or Spanish depending on the child’s strongest language. The impacts on mathematics, literacy and language were statistically significant compared to the children without the program. Vocabulary scores were 31 percent higher than gains of children without the program. On mathematical skills which included basic skills such as counting money, simple additions and subtractions, number concepts and telling time, the gains increased to 44 percent. In print awareness the gains were 85 percent greater for children enrolled in state sponsored preschool programs compared to the growth of children who are not enrolled (NIEER, 2005). According to the NIEER study, participants at the age of 20 years were more likely to have cleared high school if they enrolled for the preschool programs. They were less likely to have required remedial education and also less likely to have committed juvenile crimes which warrant arrests. With the unnecessary costs of remedial classes and expenditure for justice systems and in addition to the increased revenues, it was estimated that there was a return of $7 for every dollar that was invested. At 27 years of age, participants had gained a higher level of education and their earnings were higher than those who did not enroll for the early childhood school programs. The number of those who received the social services was significantly low and the numbers of arrests were fewer. These studies were carried out on children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The befits gained can be intertwined in the sense that once this child gains a higher level of education most likely the earnings will be high, consequently economic prospects will be high, improvement on financial decisions, improved health and housing (NIEER, 2008). An opportunity to live in a classroom community, interact and get along with people from various socioeconomic backgrounds can be considered as a social benefit for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Learning how to get along with others will result to improved social skills and emotional competence. These programs set a stage and give a child preparedness to enroll for the formal education. Apart from improving on their communication skills and getting higher scores in school tests, they have lesser behavioral issues once they enroll in the formal learning process. When a child goes through the pre kindergarten learning they succeed in school and become good citizens, earn more, commit less crimes and pay more taxes. â€Å"Every dollar invested in quality early care and education saves taxpayers up to $13. 00 in future costs,† (http://web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2). The success of the early child leaning relies heavily on the quality of the preschool programs. In an effort to improve the schools and the learning process, most states in United States have established public preschool programs to cater for less privileged and disadvantaged. Most of these programs are established on the principle that early intervention will help the child unleash his full potential. For example the mission for Head Start is â€Å"to ensure that no child in America is trapped in poverty’s grasp,† (United Way of America, 2005 pp. 1). These programs have been criticized and their effectiveness has been questionable. From the findings of NIEER (2005) studies, â€Å"vocabulary gains were three or four times greater than those in the Head Start study,† (para. 9). In spite of this big difference in performance, such aspects such as the class size and the length of day remained the same. This difference was attributed to high educational qualifications and good remuneration for teachers in state funded pre-kindergarten programs compared to Head Start. Almost all state funded programs studied in the five states required teachers to be licensed, have a certification in early childhood education and be a holder of a BA degree. In the case of Head Start the requirements half of the teachers were required to have a two-year Associate’s degree while the rest to have a Child Development Associate (requires only 120 hours of training to acquire CDA credential) or an equivalent (LIFESTYLENIEER, n. d). Abbot, another preschool program in New Jersey was established to serve the highest poverty districts within the state. Substantial resources have been invested in the school and NIEER annual report rated it as one those with highest quality standards nationwide. According to the Abbot preschool program longitudinal effects study by Frede et al (2007), â€Å"the results presented provides clear evidence that by participating in a high-quality program regardless of auspice, children are improving in literacy and math at least until the end of the kindergarten year,† (pp. 35). It therefore remains clear that high standard and accountability are key factors to the success of these programs. Recruitments of qualified and well educated teachers as has been observed in performing preschool programs are instrumental in guaranteeing good quality. These teachers must be adequately compensated to boost their morale and hence increasing productivity. The classes should be manageable. This can only be achieved by having a reasonable child to teacher ratio. Finally there should be strong supervision to ensure that standard and quality of learning is uncompromised. Conclusion All children are entitled to quality education. From the studies conducted a disadvantaged child is likely to gain more from preschool program. If these programs are expanded more disadvantaged children will enroll and they will develop positive peer effects when they enroll for the formal school learning. â€Å"Failing to invest sufficiently in quality early care and education shortchanges taxpayers because the return on investment is greater than many other economic development options,† (http://web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2). There should be universal large-scale and state wide programs to benefit the minority and the poor. Reference: Early Childhood Education for All, a Wise Investment, retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http://web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. Frede E, Jung K, Barnett W. S, Lamy, C. E Figueras, A. (2007): The Abbott Preschool Program Longitudinal Effects Study (Apples). Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from: http://nieer. org/resources/research/APPLES. pdf LIFESTYLENIEER (n. d): Economic Benefits Of Quality Preschool Education for Americas 3- And 4-Year Olds. Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from: http://nieer. org/resources/facts/index. php? FastFactID=6 Martina, A (2008): Column: Early Connections Are Key For Infants To Thrive. Retrieved on 20th July 2008 From: http://detnews. com/apps/pbcs. dll/article? AID=/20080715/OPINION03/807150398/100 National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) (2005):New Study Shows High Quality State Pre-K Programs Improve Language and Math Abilities of Children of All Backgrounds: State Programs with Higher Teacher Qualifications Outperform Head Start , retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http://nieer. org/mediacenter/index. php? PressID=46 Pandor N (2008): A call to focus on firm foundations for learning, Journal of Education, Vol. 8. Issue No. 11, pp 21-27, Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http://www. anc. org. za/ancdocs/anctoday/2008/text/at11. txt United Way of America (2005): Early Childhood Education, retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http://www. liveunited. org/_cs

Culture Diversity Within Ryanair

Culture Diversity Within Ryanair Main purpose of this assignment to show the importance of Ryan air airline management and leadership across culture. In this assignment I am going to show the theories of leadership and motivation and different leadership styles across different culture and different motivation technique across different culture, motivate across a different culture , the theories of leadership and motivation, different leadership styles across different culture , Manage culture diversity within an organisation, theories relating managing culture diversity, different needs and expectations culturally diverse guests, techniques for managing and building team with a culture diverse workforce of Ryanair Please do not refer to first person (I) Introduction Ryanair is the worlds most wanted airline working near fifteen hundred flights per day from low cost directions across twenty eight countries, involving over 168 terminuses. It was set up in 1985 Ryanair has a team of more than 8,500 people and assumes to carry over 80 million travellers in the present economic time. Its head office is located at Dublin Airport with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted Airports. It is Europes largest low cost airline and one of the most commercial, In spite of the hard business environment in which Ryan air worked in both 2011 and 2012, the airline has been characterized by rapid expansion, a result of the deregulationof the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model. It was one of the first independent airlines in Ireland. In 2001, many believed that Ryan air was like the Wal-Mart and Southwest Airlines of Europe Barret, S. D. (2004) Task 1 Chapter 1 Lead and motivate across a different culture All cultures have beliefs which are mutual for all people in that culture. Many beliefs have same values consequently there are some arguments that no need to learn Indian cultural beliefs and American cultural beliefs. Equally both countries hold morality as faith in their culture no need to check it people only need to understand how these values are bought out in toward life over activities, manners, beliefs . In the modern age of enterprise culture, aggressive competition and strategic leadership for effectiveness in the market, Ryanair has structured its leadership and business classic to report the subjects of organizes an commercial method to the management of organisations for a transformational method established upon achievement. For Ryanair, these issues discovery expression in low-cost and generic factors. Basically these factors are answerable for Ryanairs success occurrence. In catching this transformational, change-oriented quantity of Ryanair. A distressing business ideal tests the strategies used by the present well-established organisations in the market. Its main attention is on price understanding of customers. , noticing these things that Michael OLeary, the CEO of Ryanair has been at the centre of economy and low-cost revolt that has produced an detonation in the airline industry. Ryanairs leadership success is contingent on the economic condition in the United Kingdom i n the stir of the de ruling strategy that allowed new entrants into the aircraft industry thereby opening the rule that completed air manageable partial preserve of the rich class, and the inflexible commercial spirit that OLeary displays(Arredondo, P., 2011) Motivation is a massive matter. The base of motivation may change in people. In the determination location, many have self-confidence in that the side by side of agreement at work is a durable negotiator. It is true that people alter throughout their life. A person who once was motivated by change may or not like it any shorter. Though, the person who beloveds lifelessness may essential to involvement alteration to obtain almost different in their lives, fairly new than what they been doing for many, several years. 1.1 Theories of leadership and motivation (Ryanair ) Interest in leadership improved for the period of the early twentieth century. Early leadership theories motivated on abilities notable between leaders and followers, whereas following theories considered at other variables such as situational features and proficiency levels. Although many diverse leadership theories have occurred, maximum can be confidential 1. Contingency Theories: Contingency theories of leadership focus on certain variables associated to the atmosphere that might determine which particular style of leadership is best appropriate for the condition. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all states. Success is determined by a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation. Contingency theory adopts no one accurate way to lead will fit all conditions. In this approach states that there is no perfect way to lead an establishment rather situations govern the way to lead at an assumed time. In addition, there is a serious correlation or affinity between situational and contingency theory of leadership. Both suggest that sets of structure to lead depend on the problem at hand. Contingency theory is a class of behavioural theory that claims that there is no best method to Ryanair or leads a government. Instead, the ideal progression of action is c ontingent on the internal and external factors or conditions. Thus, contingency approach to leadership pressures related factors as significant influence on leader success. Bass, B. M. (1985 4. Situational Theories: Situational theories recommend that leaders preference the best classification of attainment based upon situational variables. Different styles of leadership of Ryanair may be more appropriate for positive types of decision-making. That anxieties follower development, an extension, the point actuality strained is that there is a break from organizational model scientific management largely mistreated the impacts of the environmental factors as well as encouraged vertical management structure, a departure from flat management arrangement. Ryanairs contingency or situational leadership, the symbol is that it is based upon leader-match theory, Theories of Motivation Motivation is the different, internal method that strengthens, leads, and sustains behaviour. It is an individual strength that bases one to perform in a particular way .Most often, motivation is the term used to explain peoples behaviour. Effective directors are said to be highly encouraged. A team leader who eludes work is said to be unmotivated Equity Theory: Motivation theories can help directors understand how to motivate their staff. The equity theory of motivation is based on the fact that individuals are inspired first to achieve and then to preserve a sense of impartiality. Equity refers to the distribution of rewards in direct equality to the contribution of each employee to the organization (Ryan air). Everyone needs not to receive the same rewards, but the rewards should be in accordance with individual contributions. The idea of equity likes a development of an input-to-outcome ratio. Alavi, M (2000), Expectancy Theory: Expectancy theory, industrialized by Captor opportunity is a very difficult prototypical of incentive that is based on an uncertain assumption. According to expectancy theory, motivation is dependent on how much want something and on how likely to become it. Ryan air airline sales subjects managers who are applicants for advancement to one sales reservations managers job. Ryanair has had a very good sales year and always get good performance evaluations.D.R., 1997 Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement theory states that behavior that is pleased it is likely to be repeated, although behavior that has been criticized is less likely to remain. Ryan airs is a non-additional airline but it has a high business the assistant general Secretary Ryan air has a very suppressive government and they have very high staff income Ryan air and as result the company is recruiting now agreement labor from activities as far away .Pilots were lately told that in order to development from older airplanes to original aircraft 1.2 Different leadership styles across different culture Nowadays, people from different cultures and value systems are appointed by the business organizations across the world. Western leadership style is supplementary of a participative style somewhere the manager contains his team followers to a positive point in result making. But, in Asia the leadership style is a combination of autocratic and transactional leaderships. An effective leader who arrangements with another culture should recognize their work related social and cultural values to achieve business success. He should also have the ability to organize and main a workforce of diverse cultures. Mosakowski, E, (2000) The leadership style OLeary has started at Ryanair good deal form in a grouping of translation a movement from autocratic leadership to democratic one. Major styles of leadership democratic participative, autocratic repressive and laissez faire representative. OLeary has expanded the leadership base at the top organisation unit from. It is significant to communication that OLearys leadership style has to experience this evolution from 1988 till present in order to recover the then injured, unknown airline, Ryanair, from dripping cash and this essential aggressiveness, confidence, style of leadership that concluded in low cost and non-additional method. OLearys leadership structure as at when he joint Ryanair in 1988 as Tony Ryans particular enforcer to 1994 when he became the CEO of the airline and now has experienced distinction to ensemble different situations. Different leadership styles are desirable to manage with different situations the autocratic style marks logic when an ass ociation is in deep anxiety and needs to complete an express improvement that style would be counter productive when the association is in a growth situation Green, S. G. (2002 Ryanairs leadership style has developed the European air company industry has been unfavourably re-joined. Leadership change is primarily a function of leadership style. Also, it is doubtful from the analysis presented Ryanairs success story is blocked in its leadership style, which has observed a sort of evolution from autocratic to democratic. And the leadership theory that marks the possibility of this new organizational culture change is administered Therefore, even though OLearys leadership model has been successful, it is essentially contingent upon the deregulation strategy in place since its founding. In addition, in order to withstand this administrative success, Ryanair requirements to gain the opposition in the airline industry and alters itself for sustainability. 1.3 Different motivations across different culture Motivation has kept people in emergencies accepted during times. It has been the basis of improved principles of living, achievement, prosperity, and approval. Most leaders concluded olden days have used irregular systems of motivation. The same is accurate of successful managers. The role of motivation in the work environment has great value. Many readings have developed from one place to another various motivational techniques for leading employees towards desired goals. The success or failure of motivation time-outs not on the system itself but on managements capability to like the wants of people with appropriate rewards Objects are needs, which force people to move towards goals. Many theories of motivation have been established with the thoughtful of how workers performances can be strengthened confidently and how they can improve and focused to accomplish favourite ideas. Motivation training in diverse culture needs ID of the positive and negative culture based-factors. Grant, R.M. 2002, Contemporary concepts of culture Several organization examiners contributed to the opinion that perceives culture as- a mutual similar way of existence, calculating and doing which are ideas, shared by members of a cultural group. Culture involves of designs, clear and unspoken of and for behaviour acquired and conducted by signs, establishing the unique successes of human groups, including their expressions in objects; the important basic of culture involves of customs practices that only come into existence in relation to, and in contrast with, other cultural groups. Differences in cultural principles need additional skill when trying to motivate changes in Behaviour. Managers of Ryanair want to correctly understand the condition and strategy an approach that turns a persons morals and needs. The theory of motivation recommends that people are motivated to do belongings as of external honors. Humanistic Theory of Motivation: Humanistic theories of motivation are founded on the knowledge that people also have strong Perceptive clarifications to perform various actions. Once the minor level requests have been seen, the main motivator converts the requirement for the desire to fulfill ones specific possible Adapting to Environments Ryan air managers are said to be highly motivated. A team leader who circumvents work is said to be unenthusiastic. Many workers from the United Kingdom have port their occupations with Ryan air and as result the company is employing now contract labor from agencies. Pilots were newly told that in order to progress from older planes to newer aircraft, they would have to compensation for their own retraining. Politis, J. D. (2004 1.4 leadership strategies for an organization that operates across different culture Organizations are motivated by expert leadership to display them over unsurpassed modifications. Some of the best and most appreciated managements are weakening to adapt to change, implement their strategic plans successfully or prepare for a more indeterminate future. Many top directors complain the lack of leadership worktable strength in their companies and sensation what will happen every leader is conscious of the value of a precise business strategy. Without proper leadership, even the best and courageous strategies die on the plant, their probable never understood. The skill of an association to attain its areas does not be dependent completely on the strong point of will of an only great leader, even upon the efficiency of the organizations restraint of knowledge. A good leadership strategy takes all of these factors into explanation Politis, J. D. (2004 Strategic Leadership is a development, which certifications organisation to be active rather than reactive in shaping its own future. A concentrating organizational lead affords and launches unworkable leadership to Ryanair. A good organisational leader progresses a positive scheme to strategic management, where the management rather than just identifying and answering to alteration. The change in business environment unfair the strategy of Ryanair. New markets or introducing a new service and it also created sources of innovation like a change in market structure, Tie Leadership Development to Business Strategy. Leadership development should originate and end with the businesss strategy and objectives in mind. The respondents well-known that the establishment of an cohesive strategy and system for all managerial development was the leading significance of their learning and development establishments These results imitation an previous study as well Many corporate learning and development establishments The best businesses for leaders consistently execute on the strategies that make for good leadership development. They make enterprise wide standards, practices, and metrics for leadership;Martins, L.L. (1996) Organizational culture is the collective behavior of humans who are part of a society and the meanings that the people to their actions. Culture includes the organization values, visions, averages, working language attach, systems, symbols, principles. It is also the arrangement of such supportive behaviors and expectations that are taught to new executive members as a way of observing, and even thinking and sensation. Organizational culture moves the way people and collections interact with each other, with clients, and with sponsors Ryanair and Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy is very important in order to maintain modest advantage. It is important in order to maintain good relationship with the customers. This is mainly important in the service industry, as well as the hospitality and tourism sector. This is because of the fact that the entire industry is characterized by intensive competition, because of the growing number of competitors in the global market. In addition, the services actuality offered as well as the products being created are hard to differentiate, because the products and services to be offered towards the customers are practically the same Peterson, S. J. (2009) Ryanair were recognized by the Ryan family with an investment segment of a staff of 25. The company launched its first direction in July with daily flights which operate daily from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to London Gatwick Ryanair is the worlds much-loved airline and works more than 1500 flights daily from 44 sources and more than 1100 low fare routes crossways more than 25 countries, which connect to over 160 terminuses. As a result, it is dynamic for company in this production the emergence of the Internet in the mid-1990s as well as the growth of Intranets and Extranets required airlines to progress their strategy on industrial innovations in order to increase their attractiveness. In addition, they progressively reinvented themselves to main technology suppliers for a wide range of tourism organisations including airlines, travel agencies and Internet travel portals. Cross-cultural understanding influences business relationships, and many training providers offer courses that outline the various basics of the cultural exchange and appropriate ways of doing business with abroad societies. Whilst this is highly applicable, it is valuable to specifically analyse the impact of cultural values on business performs in the tourism industry. Task 2 Chapter 2 Manage culture diversity within an organisation Diversity is much wider topic today Diversity is strangeness or those human capacities that are diverse from outside the sets, to which we belong, yet present in other individuals and groups. Its important to appreciate how these magnitudes affect presentation, inspiration, success, and interactions with others. Organized organizations and observes that have presented barriers to some dimensions of diversity should be examined, challenged, and removed.Diversity also incorporates a wide variety of other differences, including work experience, parental status, educational background, and managing diversity means more than simply observing legal and policy requirements. Managing diversity is defined as planning and executing administrative systems and performs to manage people so that the potential advantages of diversity are maximized Thomas, R.R., 1996 Managing Diversity. Managing diversity means identifying peoples alterations and make out these differences as valuable it improves good organization like Ryanair practices by stopping perception and promoting inclusiveness. Companies should completely redesign the working culture that make possible the scheming of a wide collection of posts that leads to give definition of how work gets done and how diverse markets are approached. All workforces should be held responsible for their performances and human resources results. Companies must create a post bureaucratic organization based upon trust and admiration in which diverse employees are valued and integrated into all aspects of the work. Diversity increases inspiration and innovation and advantages. Diversity helps administrations for inflowing the global arena. Diverse groups mark it possible to improve elasticity and fast reply to change. The cultural impact on management is exposed by humble ethics, attitudes, and beliefs of the people. Culture can mark skill allocation, managerial attitudes, managerial ideology and even government-business relationships. Hall, T. (2005 Managing Cultural Diversity: To manage successfully in a global diverse environment, that essential to identify the differences and learn to use them to improvement, reasonably simply allowing differences to cause difficulties somewhat directors should be skilled how to respect the differences at work and how to work with them to maximize the contribution of each employee, It is a global and diverse company, which works individuals of all confidences. To reproduce the protracted collection of principles followed by their employees they provide prayer facilities across the business and publish religious festivals information sheet on intranet site with the aim of raising awareness on the different cultures across the company. Some religions or beliefs have specific food needs. Ryanair provide a variety of dietary selections to confirm key rations are provided for and foods are considered. In addition, the Ryanair Uniform Committee has adapted the new uniform to ensure that it sustains the company image whilst allowing flexibility to meet key religious needs. Peterson, S. J. (2009) The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations have had a great impression through the Ryanair airline. Prior to the regulation, Ryanair ran attention assemblies to estimate workers views on the changes. There was an extensive choice of answers, maximum persons sensed that the age regulation was an optimistic period and that flexibility was the key to working for longer. Ryanair is working closely with the construction of Terminal 5 to confirm all phases of disability are protected. As a company they are dedicated to confirming that controlled employees can attain their full conceivable. Practical alterations are completed for employees if they are disabled to become disabled whilst working for Ryanair. They work in partnership with the Employers Setting on Disability. They also work with the Disability Rights Commission to support their disability strategy. Flexible working has become significant part of the technique they (Ryanair) work and represents part of a current change of attitude. Ryanair has introduced a number of elastic working enterprises that have progressive women who tend to undertake responsibility for most dependent care. One objective is to increase the focus on work-life balance to encourage women to return near work after maternity leave. It is a priority of our race equality strategy to listen to their ethnic minority employees. Ryanair encourage sharing ideas on how they can work on issues such as career progression, training and development, internal and external recruitment, harassment and bullying. Milliken, F.J.1996 2.1 Theories relating managing culture diversity Workforce diversity is a difficult work to achieve in an establishment. The organization of workforce diversity as a device to raise administrative success cannot be highlighted, especially with modern alterations wide crossways the world Workforce diversity is a main anxiety for maximise of the trades. Workforce diversity, incapacity, old age, human resource management, equal opportunity. The increased flexibility and contact of people from assorted circumstances as a result of better-quality economic and political systems and the acknowledgment of human rights has put most organizations under burden to hold diversity at the work place. The idea of diversity management of Ryanair increased kindness with globalisation and the requirement for more families to banquet globally to influence customers across the world. D.R., (1997) Managing diversity make a modest benefit to Ryanair. Possible benefits of this diversity contain well choices, more achievement in advertising to external and national cultural sectional groups, and an improved passage of economic chance culturally diverse groups comparative to similar groups are new active both in the contact method and work presentation these assistances arise after a diverse group has been together for old-fashioned. Ryanair succeed at diversity if the creativity to make, achieve and price the diverse workforce has the full sustenance of the highest management The organization must connect and worries for diversity to human resource management choices around staffing, group, project, sequence planning, presentation administration, and Managers must know their companys culture principal and then contrivance diversity plans allowing to that culture Diversity of Ryanair in administrations has its assistances but there are some disadvantages of workforce diversity. Some people feel helpless by working with people of a different age, sex, or culture. There is a rise in the cost of training. This increase originates from prices related with meetings, programs and addresses specified to encourage diversity in the company Theories of cultural values Mainly in the workplace, minions expect to be referred. In cultures with a high control distance, dissimilarity is more broadly recognised and power, which is thought by a marginal, is known by the needy majority of people. In a more manly culture leaders are expected to be critical and forceful and struggle is committed by aggressive Uncertainty deterrence rises to the vital for instructions and principles. Weak uncertainty avoidance comprises incentive by attainment and inspiration of inventive ideas and performance. Strong uncertainty escaping specifies a need for rules and some battle to state-of-the-art designs and behaviour. Motivation by safety is likely to be established in civilizations indicating strong uncertainty avoidance. Milliken, F.J.1996 2.2 Different needs and expectations culturally diverse guests Elastic working has becomean important part of the way Ryanair work and signifies part of an on-going change of attitude. There are clear benefits for passengers and for their business and they will continue to support flexible occupied solutions that are appropriate and meet our needs. They support a wide variety of elastic working possibilities that are aimed to meet different types of work. These solutions assist the employee to balance home and work life whilst contributing to the on-going changes wished by the organisation to assist cost reduction.Free and incapacity facilities governments essential to reflect the variety of their clients values, beliefs and cultural expectations. Religious practice Communal and debility facilities workers need to be watchful to the conceivable changes in sacred formal and the influence of a beings religious practice on their politics and value system. Central faith of Ryan air may admiration other beliefs as cults somewhat than official religions however people of any belief have a right to respect.Turner, J., 1985 Incapacity Ryan air needs to contemplate different cultural views of disability and look after of family members with incapacity, positioning the person before the disability, and facilities for people with a disability. Focus on the person, not the disability. Work performs may need to be modified to permit for dissimilar national views and conventions main contact and corporal exchange with the opposite gender. Culturally comprehensive practice It is impractical to assume public and disability services workforces at Ryan air to differentiate the cultural in a fast increasing and extremely modest global market, and in contradiction of the background of the current challenging economic climate, the pursuit of quality has become an organisational imperative for leisure industry trades. Different acuities of quality, yet, make its realisation more problematic, not least since of the very nature of the persons within the market the staff within vacation industry businesses and guests. Lawson, R., 2002 The relationship between cultural realization and superiority There is a correlation between the equal of national realization of the travel business and the following perception of product, service quality on the part of the tourist. Increased customer satisfaction is likely to follow as a result of improved staff cultural awareness and following development of ethnically appropriate products and services. It is significant for tourism businesses and purposes to take this into account in the provision of products and services. Cross-cultural understanding influences business relationships, and many training providers offer courses that outline the various basics of the cultural exchange and appropriate ways of doing business with abroad societies. Whilst this is highly applicable, it is valuable to specifically analyse the impact of cultural values on business performs in the tourism industry. Wendy. (2004, March Undoubtedly the tourism industry and culture are inextricably linked in that it is often the search for a cultural exchange that is an inherent part of the motivation for the tourist to travel. As already illustrated, to meet expectations there is a need for cultural awareness, both on the part of the individuals travelling and, equally importantly, tourism businesses. Customer loyalty is often affected by the perception of the level of service provision. Another aspect of culture is body language and whilst subtle, it is easily possible to offend through inappropriate gestures that demonstrate a lack of respect and subsequently undermine the business relationship. The National Centre for Languages stresses the requirement for cultural skills in business, specifically the tourism industry, indicating that cultural and language skills are beneficial for, amongst others, hotel reception, tourist attraction and restaurant staff, in welcoming guests, dealing with enquiries, taking bookings and guiding visitors. 2.3 Techniques for managing and building team with a culture diverse workforce Teambuilding Insignificant businesses depend on teamwork, objective as significant as their improved accompaniments. When a minor group of people starts employed to near common goals and making results that improve up to more than the amount of the portions, it becomes a team. Positive team employed gets consequences in all areas, including auctions, IT, problem solving and handling new projects. People work more effectively and their inspiration and loyalty to business are also increased. Starting and conference the team, important sides, Positive side assemblies, solving problems. Cultural Diversity in the Workplace, Paglis, L. L. (2002) gradually various incomplete work to the globalization of profitable, nationwide competence is conceivably the most leading ability for effective work presentation in this century. Social competence is the ability to collaborate successfully with persons from different beliefs. This capability of Ryanair is needy on awareness of ones own cultural worldview, information of worldviews, compliant to cultural variations, and multicultural services. Managing culture diverse workforce Developed cultural capability consequences in capability to appreciate, connect with, and efficiently cooperate with peoples crossways cultures, work with varying culture calendar Communication:Providing evidence precisely and punctually is dangerous to effective effort and team presentation.

Racial Violence Society

Racial Violence Society Today, various medias have portrayed racist violence in different ways. Racial violence is a way of attacking or abusing one because of his or her identity. For example, imagine walking down a street and an individual of another color attacks you. How would you feel? Is it just pure violence? What would you have done to prevent this? Or perhaps the attack has taken place because of your own color. Medias such as movies, books, or songs, have been widely portrayed to identify the uses of racist violence. Such medias in this analysis includes a movie, â€Å"Do The Right Thing† directed by Spike Lee, a current national news report of â€Å"The Shooting of Sean Bell†, and a CBS program about the gruesome murder of Emmett Till. When racial violence occurs, individuals do take action to glorify the meaning of racial brutality to support and seriously be concerned for any violence in his or her society. The first media, â€Å"Do the Right Thing† is a movie written by Spike Lee. The main character in the film is Mookie, a young man who lives with his sister and works as a pizza delivery man for the local Sals Pizzeria. Sal, an Italian pizzeria owner has the shop for decades and has the respect for his customers. The story takes place in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn, a black neighborhood well known for racial disputes in the plot. Some racial disputes involves with the Koreans and the three unemployed African Americans sitting by the sidewalk. These men dislike the Korean man because of his shop. Moreover, Sal and his sons are thrown off by the boycott from Buggin Out, and Radio Raheem. Until one day, Buggin Out and Radio Raheem stepped into the store and began taunting at Sal. Radio Raheem had turned his radio to the highest volume, until an angry Sal, took his bat and destroyed the radio. Soon the two men and the brothers began fighting. The fight spills onto the streets. Moments after the fight began, Mookie grabs a garbage can, screaming â€Å"HATE†, slings it through the windows of Sals. A large crowd of onlookers surrounded the area. Upon entering the store, Smiley starts a fire. The building soon burn down and Sal was out of business. In this story, there were a lot of racial attention between the African Americans and the Italians. Also, marked by the racial violence, the Koreans were also attacked with harsh discrimination. Nevertheless, we see that the impact of the racial violence affected many people. Mookie realizes how he and his fellow African Americans were treated unequally. When looking at the arrest, the police killed Radio Raheem. This illustrates an unjustified type of violence by an authority that we trusted. Onlookers from the nearby apartments came by to watch the violence. This attention brought people from around the country. Realizing how this story affects the society of today, Spike Lee indeed wrote this story to illustrate how individuals do take actions for each acts of racial violence. Furthermore, acts of support were included into the film. For example, while Mookie was talking to his sister, we see that on the wall states, â€Å"Tawana told the truth!† This was one of the allusions that were in support of a racial-related violent act. This was referred to a rape scandal that reflected among the African Americans in the nation. The second media is a newspaper article â€Å"The Shooting of Sean Bell†, by Nahal Toosi. On November 30, 2006, Sean Bell and his friends attended a bachelor party at a club in Jamaica, where the three men were shot by undercover police officers. The shooting killed Sean Bell on his wedding day and wounded two of his companions, setting a storm of outrage in New York City and across the nation. As investigators continue to approach this case, family members and relatives of Bell continued to mourn his grieve and sadden lost. Many people in the city of New York are justifiably angered by this tragedy. Clearly, this tragedy marked a serious of problems within the police department. Citizens around the city gathered together to protest the racial brutally committed by the police department. For example, the leading African American supporters Rev. Al Sharpton and Rev. Jesse Jackson led protests and engage in talks within the society to bring greater support involving the racial violent brutalities. At one point, Sharpton states how that justice must be serve, and ask questions that contradicts the cases. He also questions how the police completed 50 shots to kill a young man who was just going to be married and unarmed. Individuals gather at a Town Hall Meeting to talk about the murder of Sean Bell. The determined community came together to demand answers that will serve justice to this violent crime. This leads to greater support and shows how this violence affects many individuals, and that one or another can act together and be concerned about this situation. The third media is a CBS program, called â€Å"American Experience: The Murder of Emmett Till.† This program strongly illustrates the gruesome murder of a young black man named grocery store in Money, Mississippi. Emmett Till, a teen from Chicago, didnt understand that he had broken the unwritten laws of the Jim Crow South until three days later. Then two white men dragged him from his bed in the dead of night, beat him brutally and then shot him in the head. This violence occurs because of the boys race. In the program, the man confessed to the crime. They insisted that they wanted revenge against the boy. It was his fault that this had to happen. â€Å"Without a sense of caring, there can be no sense of community,† quoted Anthony J. D Angelo. After the murder, hundreds and perhaps thousands of mourners arrived at a Chicago funeral home to pay tribute to the young man Emmett Till. This shows how individuals actually care about this tragedy and present national attention. Emmett Tills mother Mamie opted to have an open casket funeral because she wanted everyone to see what those two men had done to her son. After the citizens of about 600,000 observed the horrific result of the racial crime, men got up who never got up before. Others became more vocal who had never been vocalized before. And the fact that this happened to a child was more extensive. Nevertheless, this act sent a powerful message that lead others to come out and think about what actually happened and how he or she can stepped out to solve it. Medias such as books, songs, novels, or TV programs have come together to portray the ideas of racial violence. But it is clear to others that many of the individuals who have seen the results of a racial brutality, have stepped up to be concerned and showed support. Individuals do take action to glorify the meaning of racial brutality to support and seriously be concerned for any violence in his or her society. 7

The Power of Language in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear es

The Power of Language in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   It is often difficult to gain entry into a work of such complete and dazzling genius as King Lear--reading Shakespeare can sometimes feel like trying to get a good long look at the sun on a cloudless day. And yet there are moments when one comes across passages that, by the sheer force of their lyrical, poetic beauty, leap off the page and resonate so strongly within one's mind that they become a kind of distillation of the entire play. One can read this play again and again, and still be struck anew by Shakespeare's utter mastery over language; surely there is no other writer who had so full a sense of, and who used to such merciless ends, the power of words. In a genre that denies the novelist's luxury of narrative explication, language in its barest, purest form, becomes Shakespeare's precision instrument, and he wields it with a perpetually astonishing combination of force, subtlety and exactitude.    The introductory quoted lines, when brought out of their immediate textual surroundings, form for this reader the kind of distilled illumination suggested in the preceding paragraph. These are the words of the sightless and stumbling Gloucester, as he begs a passing stranger, (who, unbeknownst to him is the son he so belatedly recognizes as faithful), to help him to his own death; by the end of the play, this passage becomes a central paradigm.    Despite the afore-mentioned obstacle (an obstacle the surmounting of which yields so much pleasure and insight) to readerly intercourse with Shakespeare, one can often recognize and trace logical devices he employed in order the more effectively and precisely to communicate his message. The parallel plot of Gloucester and hi... .... Jane Adelman. Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978. Bradley, A.C. "King Lear." 20Lh Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, Rosalie. "The Energies of Endurance: Biblical Echoes in King Lear. Some Faces of King Lear. Ed. R. Colie & F.T. Flahiff. UniversitV of Toronto Press, 19q4. Hunter, Robert G. Shakespeare and the Mystery of God's Judgments. University of Georgia Press, 19W6. Jayne, Sears. "Charity in King Lear." Shakespeare Quarterly. Spring, 1964. pps. 27-7-288. Knights, L.C. "On the Fool". 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Matthews, Richard. "Edmund's Redemption in King Lear". Shakespeare Quarterly. Winter, 19q5. pps. 25-29. Snyder, Susan. "King Lear and the Prodigal Son." Shakespeare Quarterly. Autumn 1966. pps. 361-369.    The Power of Language in Shakespeare's King Lear Essay -- King Lear es The Power of Language in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   It is often difficult to gain entry into a work of such complete and dazzling genius as King Lear--reading Shakespeare can sometimes feel like trying to get a good long look at the sun on a cloudless day. And yet there are moments when one comes across passages that, by the sheer force of their lyrical, poetic beauty, leap off the page and resonate so strongly within one's mind that they become a kind of distillation of the entire play. One can read this play again and again, and still be struck anew by Shakespeare's utter mastery over language; surely there is no other writer who had so full a sense of, and who used to such merciless ends, the power of words. In a genre that denies the novelist's luxury of narrative explication, language in its barest, purest form, becomes Shakespeare's precision instrument, and he wields it with a perpetually astonishing combination of force, subtlety and exactitude.    The introductory quoted lines, when brought out of their immediate textual surroundings, form for this reader the kind of distilled illumination suggested in the preceding paragraph. These are the words of the sightless and stumbling Gloucester, as he begs a passing stranger, (who, unbeknownst to him is the son he so belatedly recognizes as faithful), to help him to his own death; by the end of the play, this passage becomes a central paradigm.    Despite the afore-mentioned obstacle (an obstacle the surmounting of which yields so much pleasure and insight) to readerly intercourse with Shakespeare, one can often recognize and trace logical devices he employed in order the more effectively and precisely to communicate his message. The parallel plot of Gloucester and hi... .... Jane Adelman. Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978. Bradley, A.C. "King Lear." 20Lh Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, Rosalie. "The Energies of Endurance: Biblical Echoes in King Lear. Some Faces of King Lear. Ed. R. Colie & F.T. Flahiff. UniversitV of Toronto Press, 19q4. Hunter, Robert G. Shakespeare and the Mystery of God's Judgments. University of Georgia Press, 19W6. Jayne, Sears. "Charity in King Lear." Shakespeare Quarterly. Spring, 1964. pps. 27-7-288. Knights, L.C. "On the Fool". 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Matthews, Richard. "Edmund's Redemption in King Lear". Shakespeare Quarterly. Winter, 19q5. pps. 25-29. Snyder, Susan. "King Lear and the Prodigal Son." Shakespeare Quarterly. Autumn 1966. pps. 361-369.   

Popper and Kuhn: Two Views of Science Essay example -- Science Scienti

Popper and Kuhn: Two Views of Science In this essay I attempt to answer the following two questions: What is Karl Popper’s view of science? Do I feel that Thomas Kuhn makes important points against it? The two articles that I make reference to are "Science: Conjectures and Refutations" by Karl Popper and "Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?" by Thomas Kuhn. In the article, "Science: Conjectures and Refutations", Karl Popper attempts to describe the criteria that a theory must meet for it to be considered scientific. He calls this puzzle the problem of demarcation. Popper summarizes his arguments by saying, "the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability." Kuhn says that he and Popper often agree as to what constitutes science and non-science. He claims that he differs with Popper in the methods that he uses to arrive at his conclusions. Kuhn says that if a line of demarcation is to be sought between science and non-science, we shouldn’t look for a "sharp or decisive" one, because science is not objective, as Popper would have us believe, but subjective. Popper claims that the common answer to the problem of delineating between science and pseudo-science is that science uses an empirical method, deriving from observations and experiments. This explanation does not satisfy Popper. He has a gut feeling that areas of study like astrology are not science, and he attempts to come up with a theory to prove it. One of the problems I have with Popper is that instead of looking at a concrete problem and trying to come up with an explanation, Popper first made up his mind that astrology is not science, and then set out to prove it. By Popper’s own admissions, confirming evidence is everywhere, but means little. This could be applied all of Popper’s examples. Popper is "dissatisfied" with the Marxist theory of history, psychoanalysis, and individual psychology. He sets out to describe why his gut tells him that these are unscientific theories. He argues against theories that have explanatory power. Popper has a problem with Marxists because no matter what happens in the world, they can explain the event in light of their theory. When a person believes a theory to be true, everything that happens is a verification of the truthfulness of the theory. Popper’s example is how a Marxists can’t... ...ctly what it was besides an instinct that it was different from more traditional sciences like chemistry or physics. Why was he so determined to separate empirical science from pseudo-science? If I could talk to Popper, I would ask him, "why bother trying to draw a line at all?" It would be more fruitful to try and distinguish between what is or isn’t true and what is or isn’t significant. I have a tendency to lean towards Kuhn over Popper. It don’t think that Popper’s ideal of proper science is useful, and he seems to agree with me ("neither a problem of meaningfulness or significance, nor a problem of truth or acceptability.") Kuhn looks at how the world really works, a far more significant area of study. Popper thinks that he has all of the answers. I distrust people who think that they know everything. I agree with Socrates, who said something like, "The only true wisdom is knowing that you know nothing." Kuhn doesn’t make rules about how science should be done, he makes suggestions. Popper wants to draw a line down the middle between science and non-science. The more I look at the problem, the more it becomes obvious that the line is not sharp, if it can be drawn at all.

Poverty Reduction Essay

Poverty reduction requires us to be clear about what we mean by poverty, who are the poor and what is the best way to help people escape poverty. Discuss with reference to the multi-dimensionality of poverty? Poverty is a term used to refer to the poorer people of society; local, national and global, whether this is relative poverty, where people in that society suffer due to the cost of living and lack of income or absolute poverty, where people struggle with acquiring even the most basic of needs. There is huge debate about what is regarded as poverty as within the context of multi-dimensionality of poverty, people may be regarded as relatively poor in one country but relatively wealthy in other countries. Defining who is poor and who is not poor is no easy task. (Worldpoverty, 2010) tells us that originally, everyone was poor, but with technological developments, some people gained wealth, which was not being distributed effectively, which caused a growing division between the wealthy and the poor. However, the main issue is that the countries that have the wealth, relative and absolute poverty still exist. Taking the USA as an example, it is estimated that despite being one of the richest countries in the world, up to 25% of the population are considered to be in relative poverty because they do not have the same level of wealth as others. Out of the 25%, a further 3% are estimated to be in absolute poverty, meaning they cannot afford even the most basic of goods, such as a roof over their heads or food (Worldpoverty, 2010). Those in poverty in the USA are proportionately poor to those in the same situation as people who live within less developed countries, not only because they are the poorest, but because of the cost of living in different countries differs greatly (Davis, 2008). Despite this, people who reside in the USA are still considered to be richer than people in some African countries, where people live on less than $1USD a day (UNDP, 2008). This informs us that people in absolute poverty in more developed countries are arguably better off than people in less developed countries; this adds to the varying dimensions about what people regard as poverty. Although not an official term for this situation, these people are living in True Poverty, where they are the poorest people in the world and are not better off than anyone else in the world. We can see that when comparing the poor in different countries although some may earn more than others, the cost of  living has to be taken into account, which is why it is harder to escape poverty in richer countries due to the high costs of basic goods. Nevertheless, given this variability, clearly, this is just one element of what is acknowledged as part of the multidimensionality of poverty. We already know that people in poverty do not have the means to purchase all the basic goods for a suitable lifestyle or cannot afford even the basics, but how do we actually determine the point where someone is in poverty and how is it shown. This can mainly be shown in the form of economic modelling. (Sloman & Wride, 2009) demonstrates the Lorenz curve and the Gini-Coefficient to discuss the definition of poverty on a national scale. The ideal situation would be where everyone has the same level of wealth, which would represent the perfect income distribution line (45 degrees). However, this will never be the case, as there will be some people with more wealth than others and therefore it would be highly impractical since some people will inevitably consume more than others. The Lorenz curve shows the distribution of the national income as a proportion of between the rich and the poor. Because a relatively low proportion of rich people have more of the national wealth, this makes the curve steep towards the end. This results in a smaller amount of national wealth being distributed between the poorer people. The Gini-Coefficient shows the inequality between the Lorenz curve and the perfect income distribution line. In an ideal situation to combat poverty, more of the poorer people require more of the wealth. Consequently, the lower the Gini-Coefficient, the more effective the attempt at alleviating poverty in that country will become. Since this is only a national model and it only uses national income, it cannot be used on a global scale; this is mainly due to there being too many circumstances to take into account when comparing rich and poor countries. There are believed to be many different possible ways to combat poverty, but there is no defined sing le solution as of yet. The global community define poverty as people in third world countries; within this context, the main objective and aims include charitable efforts towards alleviating the poverty within these areas. One of these aims is to help people to help themselves. Particular issues arise from fundraising and transitionary procedures, where communication issues can arise whilst providing people with the necessary  trade knowledge and skills to fend for themselves. One of the most widely considered views on tackling poverty is to train people in poverty with skills to help them fend for themselves more effectively, or even more efficiently. Many different charitable organisations aim to help with this type of poverty alleviation. (Smith, 2005) discusses the views that charitable organisers have to identify what it is that poor communities lack and then help these communities by providing the appropriate training and resources, which in turn can be used to create a better living environment that is more sustainable and potentially more environmentally friendly. In addition to this, some poor communities are being held back by ‘Local and global forces’ which hider the quality of life. By working with these particular forces, living conditions and community relations would generally improve, particularly if this involves extreme poverty cases. In one particular case study, the international charity CAFOD has overseen development operations in a town called Soweto, just outside of Kenya’s capital Nairobi. A short video clip shows how the charity has helped unify the slum town and helped to create jobs through skill development and business entrepreneurship courses. As a result, more people in the town now run their own small businesses and are slowly earning more money to help sustain their own lives (CAFOD, 2007). Additional support has been implemented in community and co-operative projects, such as the communal farm, where animals are raised by the community and the proceeds after selling these animals is shared throughout the town. The way in which the training has been incorporated into people’s lives has ensured that the townsfolk have become mor e independent. The skills that have been learned by some of the poor populations will eventually be passed down from generation to generation, which also implies that the sustainability of the development project is strong. There are many different global organisations that set out to help people to help themselves, which is a very effective way to help people out of extreme poverty. But how do we tackle the types of poverty in developed countries such as the UK or the USA? People who reside within these countries and are classed as living in poverty are classed as living on very low or no income at all and are heavily dependent on state benefits. (Atkinson, 1995) explains with references to the Lorenz curve and the Gini co-efficient that over time the distribution of wealth has become slightly  more equal. Fig.2 shows how since 1949, there have been some effective efforts to alleviate a small proportion of the poverty in the UK and how over this period, a small percentage of the wealth has been taken from the top 10% and given to the bottom 50%, thus reducing the Gini-Coefficient. (Atkinson, 1995) also explains that this has been achieved through more efficient management of collecting taxes. Despite parts of the information not being consistent, a basic analysis of this data illustrates that the Gini-Coefficient had indeed fallen by 4% over the course of the 30 years in question. However over this period of time, not all of the reduction in top earnings was being transferred to the bottom 50%. Instead a large share of the reduction was being transferred to the next 40%, which doesn’t particularly help the bottom 50% of earners. Using this example, another strategy that could be used to assist those in poverty is to increase the tax rate on high earners more, redistributing the national income more fairly. This is a scheme already in effect, however high earners are finding loopholes within these tax regulations which restrict the amount of money being redistributed. (Robin Hood Tax, 2010)There is some debate however of imposing a new tax so small (est. 0.05% on all transactions over  £10,000 GBP), it will be almost impossible to avoid. However even  £10,000 would only result in a tax bill of  £5 which is well worth paying. By adding these very small amounts together, the funds that could be generated are estimated to be over  £300Billion GBP a year. The idea is supported by well over 100 different charities and relief organisations, who would use the money generated to fund all kinds of work to relieve many different types of poverty in many different countries, both developed and developing. Using this method of relief collection will ensure the fight against poverty is well funded because the main cause of poverty ties down to money at the end. Another method to solve poverty would be to develop and implement a stronger welfare system, which could work out for both developed and developing countries. (Schiller, 2004) argues that in most cases poverty is caused by a bad upbringing, based on family morals, lack of a decent education and thus the inability to be ‘financially independent’. There is also the strong argument that poverty can be caused by people that don’t  want to work and are happy to receive welfare and be classed as in poverty, thus creating a ‘trade-off between income provision and work incentives.’ If governments wish to reduce the level of poverty in their country, they need to make jobs more appealing and financially rewarding, although with the current economic climate this is easier said than done. The real issue here is that if a solution is to be found using this strategy, it will no doubt not be in the best interests for everyone; sacrifices and compromises will have to be made at some stage. The types of welfare should depend on whether people don’t want to work or can’t work, through illness, disability or age. (Schiller, 2004) also argues that it is tough to ‘distinguish the potentially employable’ people from the rest of the poor, so these would be solved by utilising separate welfare systems, which would aim to satisfy as many people as possible. Obtaining the right welfare solutions would bring some people above the poverty line, although mismanaging these systems could see those already out of poverty falling below the line. From this, employment schemes would offer my incentives such as pay increases, additional training or even promotion prospects. Helping people out of poverty should start with correcting the right level of assistance they currently receive and helping them get into work. In conclusion, to solve poverty, and its many different dimensions, it is important to establish the nature of the poverty and how serious it actually is. For those in extreme poverty, especially in developing countries it would be appropriate to include more assistance with regards to developing skills which can be used to start trades and cooperative community projects, ensuring people help themselves out of poverty, or even the whole community. For people in developed countries however, the current welfare systems that people utilise, may need revising as some people require more help than others. The prospects of working also need to be more appealing than basically living off the welfare state to ensure people lift themselves out of poverty and hopefully stay that way but those still in poverty while working do require the extra financial assistance to escape poverty. References Atkinson, A. B. (1995). Incomes and the welfare state. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CAFOD. (2007). Kenya: Helping people out of poverty. Retrieved March Tuesday 2nd, 2010, from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRopnCUpwGA Robin Hood Tax. (2010). Retrieved March Tuesday 2nd, 2010, from http://robinhoodtax.org.uk/ Schiller, B. (2004). The economics of poverty and discrimination 9th edition. Pearson – Prentice Hall. Sloman, J., & Wride, A. (2009). Economics 7th edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Smith, S. C. (2005). Ending global Poverty. Palgrave Macmillan. UNDP. (2008). Human poverty index. Retrieved March Monday 1st, 2010, from Human development reports: http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/indices/hpi/ Worldpoverty. (2010). Retrieved March Monday 1st, 2010, from World Poverty: http://world-poverty.org/default.aspx Bibliography Davis, M. (2008). Dealing with Poverty. Retrieved March Monday 1st, 2010, from Hubpages: http://hubpages.com/hub/Dealing-with-Poverty Dwyer, R. (2010). Poverty, Prosperity and Place: The shape of class segregation in the age of extremes. Social Problems , 114-137. Havnevik, K. (2000). The institutional context of poverty eradication in rural Africa. Stockholm: Elanders Gotab. Qisilbash, M. (2003). On the Arbitrariness and Robustness of Multi-Dimensional Poverty Rankings. Retrieved March Monday 1st, 2010, from UIA: http://www.uia.mx/humanismocristiano/seminario_capability/pdf/17.pdf WorldBank. (2005). Poverty Lines. Retrieved March Monday 1st, 2010, from World Bank: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PGLP/Resources/povertymanual_ch3.pdf Appendix Fig.1 Bowes, P (2010) derived from Sloman, J & Wride, A (2009) Economics 7th edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall Fig.2 Bowes, P (2010) derived from Atkinson, A B (1995) Incomes and the welfare state. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, pp17: Table 1.1