Ethic Essay Essay Example for Free

Ethic Essay Essay Assume that Mark pledge to look after his sister’s son while she goes to the grocery store to buy some food. Instead, he goes to a computer shop to play poker in the internet. Supposedly, Mark should find another person to baby-sit the son of his sister. This is the moral responsibility of Mark for his obligations to the child and his mother. Secondly, Mark’s sister has also a moral responsibility in circumstances when it would be right to ethically commend or hold responsible Mark for his actions. If Mark failed to find a baby-sitter, he is morally responsible for the failure of his sister to buy some food in the grocery store. Mark’s actions are reflected to moral agents. Agents are reflects to situations and intensions of actions (Q1 Q2). I found my self altruistic to other people. If I have something (i. e. some money, food, clothes, etc. ), I intend to give it to other people. I didn’t count those things but I just want to help other people even at small things. Altruism in ethical concept in psychology is the purposeful pursuit of welfare of other people and/or public interest. In layman’s term, the concept of altruism is the unselfishness of one person for the welfare of other people (other than his/her family). I find it odd since I’m attracted towards helping other people like beggars and street people and charities rather than giving help my family’s lives (Q3 Q4). The top three values I have are being altruistic, kind, and serious. I think these values came from my family and the culture we have. I also think that being altruistic and kind are some of the professional ethics in psychology that are most compatible with my personal values. The notion of psychological egoism I believed is the notion where people are inspired by self-interest and concerns to others for the reason that this kindness will be returned back to them and will benefit them. (ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CODE OF CONDUCT, 2002). Conversely, this is only a viewpoint of how things are but not what is expected to happen or ought to be (Q5 Q6). References ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CODE OF CONDUCT. (2002) American Psychological Association.

Underage Drinking Essay Example for Free

Underage Drinking Essay There are several problems caused by underage drinking; furthermore, this is a serious disease. Most teenagers have a greater record of underage drinking compared to young people 20 years ago. There are more accidents and deaths now as a result of underage alcohol consumption. Subsequently, we are for the banning of underage drinking. First of all, alcohol causes many problems for society nowadays. Alcohol has been used throughout history for various reasons. According to the medical Encyclopedia, alcoholism is an illness marked by drinking alcoholic beverages to excess. As long as alcohol consumption is not at a level that interferes with physical health, it is not a problem. There are two types of alcoholism: dependence and abuse; however, both of them could cause many problems in society. Alcoholism has a large effect in youth; there are more than 10. 4 million young people between ages 12 and 20 who suffer from it. Second, the difference between social drinking and alcohol has changed a lot over time. Now alcohol abuse has become teenagers’ focus. In addition, they don’t have control over how much they drink. They might want to attend social events that only involve alcohol, or they can’t enjoy themselves. Going to a bar or making a drink after coming home from work becomes more important than connecting with friends or family. These days, alcohol might be the way to avoid painful feelings or troubled relationships. As a result, teenagers might resort to dangerous behavior, like driving while drunk, or they may even exhibit violent behavior. Third, there are more accidents and deaths as a result of underage alcohol consumption. When people ask teenagers how easy it is to get alcohol, they mostly say it is very easy. As alcohol is easier to obtain, it produces more problems. Around 4,300 deaths are caused by teenagers who drink alcohol because they are more likely to have car accidents or fights. For example, according to the daily mail online, †Joseph Salah, 19, lost control of his car while he was driving drunk, crashing and killing David Powel, 20 years old, instantly and injuring two other passengers. Imagine a teen driving drunk without thinking about consequences, or messing around with someone who cannot control his or her behavior; it often results in a catastrophe. Finally, we disagree with underage alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, this issue causes a lot of arguments around the world. Society is affected by alcohol, but governments still allow it to be sold while banning other drugs. Alcohol companies produce millions of dollars annually in revenues and taxes; that’s why governments won’t do more to prevent underage alcohol consumption.

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay Abstract The study focuses the marketing strategies adopt by the TESCO and its comparison with other manufacturing, business and non-profit organizations. It also looks into linkages between the operations at these organizations and their marketing strategy. It shows that in current ever-changing and challenging market companies with different background have to adopt different marketing strategy to get the advantage over competitors. These companies and organizations have to link their operations with that marketing strategy so that they could meet with the maximum customer satisfaction. TESCO has a competitive advantage over its rivals in retail market as its adopting diverse strategies in operation as well as in marketing. TESCO is utilizing modern technology effectively. Introduction Marketing is a way to introduce your product to your targeted customers in any market. Todays business world demands every business to adopt a workable marketing strategy so that they could achieve competitive advantages over their rivals and could generate higher sales and profits successfully. There are different ways adopted by all the companies to maximize their reach in markets. This marketing strategy should be aggressive and effective. In this assignment we are going to study the approaches adopted by the TESCO which is one of leading retailer in United Kingdom. We will also study the difference of approaches adopted by TESCO comparing to the other manufacturing companies, service and non-profit organizations. The assignment will answer following four questions parted into three tasks, which are given below:- Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. The focus of this study will be to understand the concept of marketing in general with focusing on the strategy and activities adopted by the TESCO. It will also help us in understanding the differences of marketing strategies adopted by different kinds of business and organizations like manufacturing, services and non-profits. 1.1 Background Founder of TESCO Jack Cohen, has started this business when he started to sell groceries in East London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. (www.tescocorporate.com) Annual sales on Tesco touched landmark of one billion Pound in the year 1979. It exceeded to two billion Pound in the year of 1982. Same year for first time Tesco put some computerize checkouts in its stores. In the year 1985, Tesco became the first grocery retailer which started emphasizing on nutritional value of its brand products through an initiative named as Healthy Eating. In 1991 it became the biggest independent petrol retail seller in Britain. Next year it launched more new products and services which included Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco has expanded its market on year, 1988 and 1999. Tesco improved customer service through lunching Customer Champions policy in stores; it became leader in organic retailer for the UK market. Tesco went to South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. But later Tesco exited the Taiwanese market and it shifted to Czech Republic in 2005. Adopting the diversification strategy, a store under name of Tesco Homeplus was launched in 2005. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with a big investment of 150. Figure 1 shows Tesco around the world Website Tesco.com is the worlds most active online supermarket and in year 2009 the group had sales of more than  £577 million, with increase of 29% on year 2008. Tesco online widely operates with over 270 stores around the UK, covering 96% of the online retail market. Estimated more than one million households nationwide using the online service, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Anon (2004) 1.2 What is marketing? Marketing is the systematic approach of selling goods, adopted by any business and not for-profit organization with a specific message. It always attempts to raise the organization ability to generate profits, whether these are financial (profits and donations) or electoral. Tescos strategy is very clear, with the growth as target from four areas the core UK business of grocery, non-foods, international retailing services and expansion other services such as financial, the dotcom and telecommunication. 2 Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. 2.1 TESCOs Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy involves analyzing the market, and determining which product to offer and the exact what range of the customers to be suited, considerations relating to fashion, seasons ,sizing, as well as the appropriateness. Tesco decide that there will be a specific core European range of environmentally friendly products which are exported throughout the Europe, while there would be another range for local customers. However before any decisions are made about marketing strategy, a detailed market research is undertaken to test the concept of the new range, the pricing, attitudes towards Tesco, the new Alliance with partners, purchasing habits of the customers. TESCO adopts campaigns for marketing the business, such a campaign would consisting of TV and radio advertising at regular intervals. Advertisements in news papers and magazines. The alliance partner making press releases and sharing about their ventures on their national and regional media benefits Tesco. Company benefits in creating thousands of new jobs. The introduction of an environmentally friendly of products. Billboard campaigns. Internet advertisement. Direct marketing to known customers (Club cards) Tesco has a successful history since years of its start. Today, Tesco Plc is a successful retailer in the United Kingdom. Tesco has put some series of practical marketing strategies. According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Ansoff, I. (1989), by applying these different strategies, Tesco successfully got its competitive advantages over it other rivals. In the UK, the groceries market has been among the major businesses. Now Tesco is also securing the large market shares in this ever-changing global retailer market. Figure 2 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful. 2.2 Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. TESCO has a very successful business history on its record, today it is most successful retailer in the United Kingdom. The position of Tesco among other rivals in UK shows that company successfully applied its designed marketing strategies. As a growing retailer, TESCO could easily take over from its other rivals and could be on a distinctive advantage over the top hundred profitable businesses in UK. Tesco has applied some series of experiential marketing ways. Market incursion, Product improvement, Market progress and Diversification are the strategies through Tesco have put influence and it is remaining on top in the market. By applying effective strategies, Tesco has successfully got its competitive advantage among other retailers. 2.2.1 Market Penetration strategy In order to achieve success, Tesco has a three way strategy. First, Tesco always takes customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Morison and Somerfield, etc. Second, by providing the quality product and higher level of services, Tesco could attract and keep more customers, where these Tescos customers feel that Tesco is the best service provider. This situation makes the distinction among Tesco and other competitors. Third, attracting to more non-users of products and services to some business, by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing strategies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. (Lynch, 2003). For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) Tesco is accessing to the lowest cost materials for supply and efficient production to influence the retail market. By recognition of low cost supplier, it is a privilege for Tesco to offer goods and services to its customers benefitting at cheaper prices in the town. Tesco Having good experience of dealing with larger size and diversity of the customers and customers satisfaction that is necessary for Tesco as a retailer to retain it in the market. TESCO successfully has created its Brand loyalty. Tesco operates as Internet system provider (ISP), its now in mobile phone and home phone business, and Volp businesses. Tesco in joint venture with O2 could build up diversification in telecommunication and it could increase it businesses in voice over internet with Freshtel Australia. It developing a success slogan of The right message To the right audience At the right time 2.2.2 Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs for example Tesco Clubcard are available through information technology advances that discourage the customers from switching over to their rivals. Tesco also has introduced a Greener Living Scheme to give consumers guidance on environmental issues, like how to reduce food waste and food carbon marks when one is preparing meals. 2.2.3 Services Tesco has been adopting a dual policy of cost leadership and diversification, which led to importance placed over the customer service.   Drawing upon this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i.e., Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided. (Keynote (2010), 3 Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. 3.1 Place of Information system and Technologies Information system is modern day business tool which helps businesses to communicate internally and externally with effectiveness. It also includes the use of current advanced technologies. Any business which gets starts these days required to adopt proper and effective information systems that connects not only the all internal parts of business but connects business with its markets. The use of new technologies gives a company advantage over its rivals. The main question always remains for managers how they effectively utilize existing information systems and technologies. According to its website, Tesco maintains business relationships with approximately 2,000 own-brand primary suppliers from less than a hundred countries. (www.tescocorporate.com)The current achievement of Tesco could be supportive of their claim that Tesco logistics management strategy always helps to gain its competitive advantage. Tesco respects to the UK Governments statutory Supplier Code of Practice, and it holds strict execution on moral trading and commercial policies, and other conducts of ethical trading like training to all commercial staff. Superior effectiveness of the computer-controlled logistics schemes is seen in Tesco (Fernie and McKinnon 2003). its e-tailing is a key marketing and sales activity, placing grocery order over the website that operate in highly automated central warehouses and automated logistics is more competent as to judge against with other groceries in the market. Tesco looking for strengthen its relationship with suppliers and to increase market share based on the characteristics of services (e.g., intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity, and perish ability). (Thompson and Strickland 2003) Various Marketing and Communication Means Adopted by TESCO to build this relationship more effective and profit based. These means included following methods of communication:- Mail Television Radio/Digital Radio Website   Email Telephone On floors at stores TESCO effectively get benefits from modern technology from security purposes like alarm systems, mechanical doors, self scanning machines for customers (which saves their time from being into large lines for payments) towards other advanced like CCTV. There is swift transporting system within stores to supply from warehouse at store. In a swiftly shifting business environment with high pressure from its competitors Tesco have adopted new expansion strategies and diversified the present order to sustain its market position as leader in retailing market. In light of the above analysis, it can easily be concluded that Tesco is holding its leadership position successfully within the highly unstable retail market, where all companies are required to follow both cost leadership and diversification strategies. Tesco successfully has been able to realize both with the help of a lean and agile supply chain management, effective marketing strategy along with the better use of information technology and new developed systems. 4 Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. 4.1 linkages between marketing and operations In organizations and businesses, when a new manager starts its business plan or operational plan for the first time he wonders about: What is the real aim? What am I going to achieve? What is my marketing strategy? He can answer all these questions according to the nature of company or organization. He focuses the aims and targets through a working plan and supports that plan with an effective workable marking strategy that makes the organization or company very prominent in the market.The main objective of marketing is to bring development in the business or services and to get the attention of beneficiaries or consumers. Various businesses and organizations adopt different marketing techniques according to their needs. For example if we see a tight linkage between marketing and manufacturing it tells that a manufacturing company always looks for the value-added opportunities. It ensures with the aim of the right manufacturing capabilities are existing to meet up the requirements of customers. It also focuses that near- and long-term demands has been put in to the formation of manufacturing plans, inventory strategies and material handlings. Essentially manufacturing strategy should be aligned with marketing strategy. It should be developed in manner that improves the viable capability of the organization. In addition simple inter-functional co-ordination, manufacturing and marketing strategy decisions must be united and linked to the company strategy. In their empirical study of new firms, conclude that the synergy between marketing and manufacturing strategy decisions is more closely related to business success than either marketing or manufacturing decisions alone. In businesses or non-profit organizations share holder progress is not the main purpose, return on investment is less of an adding resource in business planning, however a vital necessity. Here return on investment is not primary motive of the business. Instead the main motive of enterprise may be some other purpose. Thus, the main difference between marketing products or services is that there is much more personal contact required when marketing a service as compared with marketing products. Marketing services may require meeting the customer in a face-to-face basis, or it may mean contacting prospective customers over the telephone. For all those firms which always emphasize product qualities those are not taking serious about the significant correlations with the marketing strategy. While firms which emphasized cutback in costs, they always focus on improving the sales. Firms which put greater emphasis on the product design effort those emphasize three marketing strategy factors: a change in the product line improves sales effort, and helps in new market development. This relationship seems rational, as the focus on product design and its development will lead to opportunity in new markets or for new customers. All those activities which affect the flow of goods and services from producers or service deliverer to the users or consumers are part of marketing. While in advanced industrial economies like UK, marketing strategies play a main role in formatting corporate policy. Once concerned with rising sales through marketing and other promotional techniques, corporate or organization marketing departments these days focus on product development, credit policies, distribution, customer support, and internal communications. Different organizations or business adopt different methods for marketing and connect the marketing and operations to maximise their output. The aim is same to get maximum attention from customers or beneficiaries. 5 Conclusion There are more than six billion humans who are living in this global market which is always inviting business and organizations to sell their product, services or make them benefited from some social and developmental work. It is estimated that there are 900 million PCs worldwide. 44% of UK adults use SMS text messaging on a daily basis, compared with 36% who use the Internet. 63% of Americans are not willing to lend their phone and there are 1.3 billion Internet users, 1.5 billion TV households, 3.3 billion mobile subscribers, Average time to report a lost wallet 26 hours and average time to report a lost mobile, 68 minutes. That shows the competition and challenges for companies to adopt workable marketing strategy for companies and organizations. Tesco is quite able to recognize technological changes and infrastructure particularly on its e-tailing business. Aside from Tescos use of internet as major technological infrastructure, changes are to be anticipated or the management should be able to deal with the rapid changes in technologies. Tesco is required to improve technological infrastructures through innovations to increase efficiency as well as quality of the products and services. All in all, Tescos senior executives who think about how to establish and sustain competitive advantage using logistics strategy should consider how to tailor their own logistics. To do so, they will need a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of good logistics as well as exploring new logistics capabilities. A strategic model to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. In USA Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market.

Harley Davidson Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Harley-Davidson Motor Company had a small beginning, but has risen to unimaginable success. The road to success has not been simple and the company has been faced with many hardships. The support of outrageously loyal owners have allowed the company to struggle but maintain its composure. Harley’s top management has implemented plans to achieve prosperity, which has lasted throughout the years, and they are constantly looking forward.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand this company’s success it is important to know a brief history. H-D began meagerly in 1903 and is the brainchild of two men, William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson. Their first shop was a small wooden shed in their hometown of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The shop was more of a hut, not much larger then a Moravian College dorm room. On the front door there was roughly carved sign that read, â€Å"The Harley-Davidson Motor Company.† From this tiny beginning H-D grew to become the ruler of the American motorcycle industry (Harley-Davidson.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arthur’s brothers Walter, and William Davidson soon joined up and they began expanding the motorcycle industry. About this time H-D filed articles of corporation, and the stock was spilt four ways amongst the Harley’s and the Davidson’s. This begins a family tradition that still thrives today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  H-D rapidly expanded and grew in popularity. In 1953, following the demise of its last American competitor, Indian (Hendee Manufacturing), Harley-Davidson becomes the sole producer of motorcycles in the United States. Harley remains alone for forty-six years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After World War II, in which H-D produced 90,000 bikes for military use, Harley began to experience its newest and most competitive foe, foreign manufacturers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of Japanese motorcycles into the United States drastically affected H-D. Japanese bikes were more efficient and cheaper. Also the Japanese marketed their bikes as clean and wholesome, and tried to pit Harley’s badboy image against them. Now Harley’s management faced a difficult situation, either to evolve or face elimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this time, late 1960s, H-D was still a privately owned corporation, but to avoid takeover and also to gain financial backing H-D merged with the American Machin... ...f H-D motorcycles. Harley has endured strong Japanese competition, weak parent companies (AMF), and numerous production difficulties. Through all of their trials and tribulations H-D most valuable asset has been its enormous cult following of die-hard bikers. With such positive brand image and tremendous success in the stock market, I think it is safe to say that the patented sound of Harley-Davidson motorcycles will be heard for as long as this country stands. Bibliography Bartol, Kathryn M. and Martin, David C. Management. Bosto: McGraw-Hill. 1998. Eisenberg, Daniel. â€Å"Youth Must Be Revved,† Time August 13, 2001, Vol. 158 Issue 6, p47. Http://www.Harley-Davidson.com Jackson, Terry. â€Å"Designer Ford 2001 Pickups: Too Pretty to Haul Gravel,† Hispanic May 2001, Vol.14 Issue 5, p74. McLaughlin, Abraham. â€Å"The radical road that Harley took,† Christian Science Monitor November 29, 1999, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p1. Reid, Peter. Well Made in America: Lessons from Harley-Davidson on being the best. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Book Report of Brave New World Essay -- Essays Papers

Book Report of Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley was born in 1894, and died in 1963, the same day JFK was assassinated. He first went to Eton, and then to Oxford. He was a brilliant man, and became a successful writer of short stories in the twenties and thirties. The first novels he wrote were comments on the young generation, with no goal whatsoever, that lived after WW I. Before he became a writer; he worked as a journalist and a critic of drama. Other books of his include "Antic Hay", "Time Must Have a Stop" and "Island". Next to novels, essays and short stories he also wrote poems, biographies, plays, political books, and even a record of his experiments with drugs. Theme: The theme of Brave New World is freedom and how people want it. The people want poetry, danger, good and bad things. This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, family, love and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice. These are all also distinguishing marks between humans and animals that were abolished here. In exchange, they received stability with no wars, social unrest, no poverty or disease or any other infirmities or discomforts. However, they only live with an artificial happiness, which they have been brainwashed to love since infancy. There is no marriage, no violence or no sadness which may result in an unstable society which would threaten the totalitarian government. But the majority of the people don't realize what they are missing as it's never been there. It's a society in which the human being only serves a sociological and scientifical purpose; the individual thoug ht is overruled by one big autocratic state. Huxley is also telling us to be careful with our science, or we may end up like the Utopians, mass producing identical citizens, then brainwashing them to think alike and to think exactly what the government mandates. Exposition: In the first scene we are introduced to the futuristic world of London and how the babies are "conditioned" and categorized from birth. Then we meet some of the main characters, Bernard and Lenina who are both Alpha Plus status. It is foreshadowed that the two are going to make a trip to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico for vacation. Complications: Before Bernard and Lenina leave for the savage camp Ber... ...lso dislikes the Utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart. That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in Utopia. He was one of the few people that understood John and had similar interests in literature. He is also classified as an alpha-plus. Setting: The novel is situated around six hundred thirty-two years "after Ford" released the T-Model automobile, or around 2535. Ford has become somewhat of a God. It is essential to the theme that it be placed in the future because of the advancement in technology and science. Without these progressions the Utopian Society could not have been created. Diction: I thought that Aldous Huxley's style was good and easy to understand and follow. He used descriptive words when they were needed. They gave you the illusion of being in a futuristic world. The beginning is filled with technological information mixed in with the description of the world. The word "Ford" is often used instead of "God" and obscenities. Method of Narration: The novel is written in 3rd person omniscient and Huxley frequently uses characters to portray his thoughts about the Utopian Society. Book Report of Brave New World Essay -- Essays Papers Book Report of Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley was born in 1894, and died in 1963, the same day JFK was assassinated. He first went to Eton, and then to Oxford. He was a brilliant man, and became a successful writer of short stories in the twenties and thirties. The first novels he wrote were comments on the young generation, with no goal whatsoever, that lived after WW I. Before he became a writer; he worked as a journalist and a critic of drama. Other books of his include "Antic Hay", "Time Must Have a Stop" and "Island". Next to novels, essays and short stories he also wrote poems, biographies, plays, political books, and even a record of his experiments with drugs. Theme: The theme of Brave New World is freedom and how people want it. The people want poetry, danger, good and bad things. This novel shows that when you must give up religion, high art, true science, family, love and other foundations of modern life in place of a sort of unending happiness, it is not worth the sacrifice. These are all also distinguishing marks between humans and animals that were abolished here. In exchange, they received stability with no wars, social unrest, no poverty or disease or any other infirmities or discomforts. However, they only live with an artificial happiness, which they have been brainwashed to love since infancy. There is no marriage, no violence or no sadness which may result in an unstable society which would threaten the totalitarian government. But the majority of the people don't realize what they are missing as it's never been there. It's a society in which the human being only serves a sociological and scientifical purpose; the individual thoug ht is overruled by one big autocratic state. Huxley is also telling us to be careful with our science, or we may end up like the Utopians, mass producing identical citizens, then brainwashing them to think alike and to think exactly what the government mandates. Exposition: In the first scene we are introduced to the futuristic world of London and how the babies are "conditioned" and categorized from birth. Then we meet some of the main characters, Bernard and Lenina who are both Alpha Plus status. It is foreshadowed that the two are going to make a trip to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico for vacation. Complications: Before Bernard and Lenina leave for the savage camp Ber... ...lso dislikes the Utopian civilization. The problem with him is they let they him get too smart. That led him to want a better life, a dream he felt was unobtainable in Utopia. He was one of the few people that understood John and had similar interests in literature. He is also classified as an alpha-plus. Setting: The novel is situated around six hundred thirty-two years "after Ford" released the T-Model automobile, or around 2535. Ford has become somewhat of a God. It is essential to the theme that it be placed in the future because of the advancement in technology and science. Without these progressions the Utopian Society could not have been created. Diction: I thought that Aldous Huxley's style was good and easy to understand and follow. He used descriptive words when they were needed. They gave you the illusion of being in a futuristic world. The beginning is filled with technological information mixed in with the description of the world. The word "Ford" is often used instead of "God" and obscenities. Method of Narration: The novel is written in 3rd person omniscient and Huxley frequently uses characters to portray his thoughts about the Utopian Society.

John Constable :: Biography Biographical Painter Artist Essays

John Constable John Constable was born on June 11, 1776, in East Bergholt, Suffolk. As a young man he worked for his father in the family business at a flour mill. In 1799, Constable decided to leave the flour mill so that he could study at the Royal Academy School. His first landscape painting was in 1802 and after that he studied painting and English Rural life on his own. Constable developed a distinctly individual style. His paintings were "executed in the open air rather than in a studio, as was customary, was an innovation in English art. Constable departed from the traditions of Dutch and English painting by discarding the usual brown under painting and achieving more luminous lighting effects through the use of broken bits of color applied with a palette knife. The Dedham Vale, The Cornfield, The Leaping Horse, and The Hay Wain are great examples of Constable's individual style and how he was a Romantic Painter. One of Constable's first important paintings was Dedham Vale of 1802 and the Dedham Vale of 1828. These paintings "repeat intrinsically the composition of that compact gem - like scene" (Reynolds,21). The Dedham Vale of 1828 was painted from a topographical point of view. "The painting shows a view from the hill bordering the Stour Valley. Constable loved the view from the Stour Valley so much, that he drew from almost the same spot in several sketches and painted at least three versions in oil." Constable described the Dedham Vale as, "perhaps my best." Because Constable painted in the open air rather than in a studio, his attention to detail is almost unmatched. The way "he catches the sunlight in blobs of pure white and yellow." Maybe Constable sums it up well when he says; "I should paint my own places best - painting is but another word for feeling. I associate my "careless boyhood" to all that lies on the banks of Stour. They made me a painter and I am grateful" (Reynolds, 31). Constable's next painting is a good example of his Romantic style. The Cornfield, painted in 1826, shows his Romantic vision of the countryside. The landscape is of the Suffolk countryside with "lovely valleys and peaceful farmhouses." As a young boy Constable would travel down that lane from East Bergholt to the Vale at Dedham on his way to school. There are a number of elements in the Cornfield that Constable focused on.

Cold War in East Asia Essay

The cold war was arguably the strangest type of war ever to have taken place in the world till today. With not a single direct shot being fired between the two opposing forces, this war spanned the length of the period following the Second World War till the 1990s. It affected not only Western Europe but large parts of Asia as well and was the defining factor in international politics and economic exchanges between countries during the era. Much of the alliances formed and the events that took place during the time have defined nations around the world or brought them to the brink of destruction. East Asia was one region which suffered the brunt of the Cold War, being divided on the lines of allegiance to one of the two world powers. It requires a significant bit of analysis to decipher how a war that originated in Europe, with both the powers contesting for greater control over the politics of nations in Europe, trickled over to East Asia. Since Truman’s Marshal Plan and the British inability to support the Greek authorities in fighting the communist guerrillas, the United States had adopted a rather more expansionist stance and intervened in the Italian elections leading to victory for the Christian Democratic Party. This was followed by greater Soviet involvement in Eastern Europe, strengthening its stranglehold over the areas it had helped to liberate from the Nazis. However, this engagement in Europe suddenly shifted to East Asia as well with the rise of Communist China under Mao Zedong (Chen 2001). China presented several challenges to the United States. First off, it was a country rich in resources and manpower and the thought of such a state falling to communism was a frightening prospect for the capitalist and pro-democracy US. Secondly, it was situated in the heartland of Asia where it would be able to exert considerable influence on the neighboring states, many of which had just gained independence and could fall prey to communist ideology. A third reason was the threat now posed to the allies of the United States in East Asia such as Japan. Thus it was deemed necessary to increase influence in the region and stem the possible emergence of a communist tide that would seep across the Asian continent. With the rising communist influence in the East, the US made its first commitment to a peace treaty with Japan in 1950. This was accompanied by a guarantee of being able to situate long term military bases in the former empire. Many observers point to this as being the stimulus for Stalin’s approval of a plan to invade the pro-US South Korea, through Kim Il Sung’s North Korea (Stokesbury 1990). These two had been divided along the 38th-parallel and had divided loyalties towards the two super powers. This presented a threat to the interests of the United States as a pro-capitalist state was being threatened by a communist one. This was exacerbated by the close presence of Japan to South Korea which could be next if some action was not taken. Thus a resolution was passed in the United Nations, condemning the communist invasion and establishing a joint force under General Douglas Macarthur to quell the North Korean attack (Stokesbury 1990). The forces proved remarkably successful, eventually pushing the attacking forces back as far as the Yalu River. This however presented a new dimension of threat to China. As North Korea acted as a buffer state for the Eastern giant, it felt its interests being threatened and emerged into the war against the allied forces. The war thus ended at roughly close to the 38th parallel once more in a stalemate (Fehrenbach 2001). However, the status quo was maintained in the region and it marked the first direct presence of the United States in East Asia during the Cold War. On the communist side, the Soviet Union and China became stronger partners which would lead to further influence in East Asia, requiring a stronger US monitoring of the situation and response. Following the Korean War, proxy battles in the Third World became an important arena of superpower competition. This was in line with the US policy shift towards Asia in general. Since the competition between the two powers had decreased European domination over Africa, Latin America and Asia, it led to currents of decolonization which presented new grounds of expansion for the Cold War enemies. East Asia was seeing its share of newly formed countries and with the presence of a gigantic communist China in the backyard, action by the United States was necessary to maintain some balance. The South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) was formed in 1954 with this in mind. It incorporated Philippines and Thailand along with a consortium of Western Nations, Australia and Pakistan in a defense pact relating to East Asia. The members were to engage in collective efforts should some war happen in the region. The pact however proved relatively useless for the United States as the proceedings frequently ended in deadlock with some members not willing to contribute their support in emerging conflicts. Keeping with the flow of decolonization sweeping across Asia, the war in French Vietnam was an area of particular concern for the United States. With the French forces being eliminated at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, it resulted in a tremendous victory for the Vietnamese Viet Minh communist revolutionary forces (David 1991). This big defeat of a colonial army in a pitched battle against communist guerrillas would not only result in a communist nation emerging on the scene but could also serve as a rallying cry for the guerrilla forces around the world which were overwhelmingly leftist. Thus the US saw it necessary to extend support to the Republic of Vietnam, battling the National Liberation Front Guerrillas which were supported by the communist North Vietnam. This was further precipitated by the outright support of the Soviets and Chinese for the communist country. This was to serve as the precursor for the Vietnam War. When the inability of South Vietnam to hold its own against the communist guerrillas dawned upon the American high command, it started increasing its military presence in the region, eventually stretching its forces to over half a million in 1968. This was a typical battle between the pro-democracy south supported by the US and the NLF guerrillas drawn primarily from the peasant population of the country but militarily backed by the communist forces (David 1991). The beginning years of the war saw increasing casualties for the American forces who found it tough to negotiate through the terrain and the guerrilla tactics of the communist forces. This was made worse by the uncertain position towards the war at home. As the body bag count mounted and opposition to the campaign grew in campuses across the US, it reached a precipice with the surprising Tet Offensive by the communist forces (David 1991). Although it was of little military value, it produced a psychological effect on the Americans who started calling for an end to US participation in the war. Renouncing interests in the region however was not something favorable for the super power and it maintained other forms of support for South Vietnam. However, they quickly got overwhelmed and the combined Vietnam became a communist state. This marked a failure for the US and a big victory for the communist powers. Following these military encounters, East Asia still remained a region of interest for both the powers in terms of ideological value. United States’ stake in the region increased dramatically with the emergence of a split in the communist camp between the Chinese and the Soviets over communist ideology (Cold War 1945-1960). This presented an opportunity to improve relations with China and decrease Soviet influence which again put East Asia as the principle focus of interest in the Cold War. Richard Nixon’s meeting with the Chinese premier was the height of these years of improved relations. This however marked a downturn in direct military involvement of the US in East Asia. As the region was no longer buoyed by influence by the USSR and America and China was there to have a strong stake in the surrounding areas, it became less of a war zone. The US was contented as long as its core allies, Japan and South Korea were safe from communist influence and shunned too much intrusion into Chinese matters (Gallicchio 1988). The USSR had to deal with the Asian giant as well and since relations were no longer as before, Soviet influence in East Asia dropped. The US still kept up economic support in the region, especially in the case of South Korea which saw massive influx of America capital and rapid development. This was necessary to show the capitalist model as superior to the communist and provide a contrast with North Korea which itself had a crippled economy following the war (Gallichio 1988). Thus, it can be seen that East Asia was a crucial platform for the Cold War. Seeing two major encounters with two direct involvements by a super power and other conflicts, the region was a battleground between two ideologies, experiencing the brunt of their military and economic might. The main reason for this importance of East Asia was the emergence of China as a communist state (Chen 2001). With such a big country with enormous resources being on one side, the other had to take action in the region which could easily have come under the sphere of influence of this illustrious neighbor. This involvement prompted propaganda value in terms of promoting one ideology over the other in the region as a means of elucidating its superiority to the rest of the world. These reasons and the ensuing decolonization in the region brought the Cold War to East Asia. Bibliography Chen, Jian.   (2001). Mao’s China and the Cold War.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The University of North Carolina Press. Cold War 1945-1960 [online]. The Corner of the World. Available from: http://www.thecorner.org/hist/europe/coldwar.htm [Accessed 17/05/09] Davidson, Phillip.   (1991). Vietnam at War.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oxford Oxford University Press. Fehrenbach, T. R.   (2001). his Kind of War: The Classic Korean War History.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brassey. Gallicchio, Marc.   (1988). The Cold War begins in Asia: American East Asian policy and the fall of the Japanese empire.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Columbia University Press. Garthoff, Raymond. (1994) The Great Transition:American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War: New York, Harper Perennial Stokesbury, James.   (1990). A Short History of the Korean War.  Ã‚  Ã‚   New York Harper Perennial.