Joseth L. Lokeijak Essays - Auditoriums, Movie Theater, Theatres

Joseth L. Lokeijak ENG 111-3: Compare Contrast Final Draft Richard Newman April 5, 2017 Watching at Movie Theaters vs Watching at Home Naturally, humans always like to amuse themselves whenever they get bored, but the way of amusement differ from one time to another. Movies have become one of the biggest entertainment sources for assessing leisure times for anyone in the world, especially for families and friends. For me, movies are bigger than that, in fact they can inspire one's self and can really touch one's feelings; also they can redefine one's way of thinking. However, when watching a movie at home, is it like watching the same movie in theaters? People al ways seek for the best and now I started to wonder which one is the best when watching a movie, TV which is at home or the nice, big screen in movie theaters. Although they bear some superficial similarities, the differences between watching a movie at home and watching a movie at a movie theater are clear. Watching a movie at home or in movie theaters is an enjoyable experience for everyone depending on personal preferences. However, watching a movie at home do have many things that movie theaters do not have. For example, when people watch a movie at home they can totally have 100% privacy, so that they can discuss things they like or do not understand while watching the movie. They can also wear any clothes that are comfortable such as pajamas or frumpy clothes. Whereas going to the movies one would be dressing upeither to go on dates or to just hang out with friends or with family members. In addition to that, a person is not subject to follow any rules or guidance that one should obey or follow, basically having the right to do anything he wantssuch as pausing the movie for a while to do something , rewinding to play something he likes again or even forwarding the movie so he can skip any part in the movie that is not amusing. Whereas, one does not have that choice in movie theaters. On the other hand, watching a movie at home could be somehow disturbing, especially when watching with family members. As a result, the movie cannot be enjoyed in a nice and quiet atmosphere. Moreover, there are always something going on at home. One cannot really expect what will happen during watching a movie so that could destroy the sense of excitement or even ruin the movie. If one chooses to watch a movie at the movie theater, it is true that he will not have his own privacy. Nevertheless, he will feel the anxiety to watch the movie while being surrounded by people who also share that feeling. Movie theaters always have higher quality than homes because they have bigger screens, where the film is being displayed with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium, and better and suitable voice quality for everyone. Also movie theaters provide nice and co mfortable chairs so viewers can relax and enjoy watching the movie. But in other theaters, comfort is not an option. All its chairs are made in a certain way only allowing a person to sit in a position in which the chair is made. Comfort at home is another story. When watching at home, one can have the choice of sitting on the floor, couch, and sofa, or even lay down. Furthermore, in movie theaters, viewers will have the quiet and nighty atmosphere and will not be worrying about disturbing others while they are watching. In fact, if one brought along his family or his friends to watch a movie at a movie theater, it could be a good and memorable experience. However, movie theaters do have some disadvantages such as going to the movie theater can be more expensive than watching a movie at home. Some may find discomfort in sitting next to strangers and may even have to be aware of them. Also viewers have to follow the rules and sit appropriately. Two of the rules when being in a movie theater (which I know of) are that all viewers

Subsidies to US Auto Industry

Subsidies to US Auto Industry Over the last decade, the world has been facing economic crises. One major crisis was witnessed in 2008. In necessitated legislation of an act that would enable the government to help struggling industries survives the occasional economic depressions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year, the congress passed into law a bill popularly known as the troubled asset relief programmed (Brunetti 11). This bill did not address a situation in any particular industry. However, it was made with the consideration of the difficulties that some important industries in the US economy were facing at the time. Thus, the government did not immediately move on to assist any industry that was facing problems at the time (Brunetti 13). Automobile manufacturers in the United States of America have always been a critical part of the economy. Collapse of companies in the automobile manufacturing industry could have dire consequences for the US economy. The sector also employed more than a million people. Furthermore, the number of people employed in the automobile manufacturing sector remained significant despite the decline over the last few years Late in 2008, two automotive manufactures, Chrysler Corporation and General Motors appealed to the congress to approve assistance from the government to help them avoid certain liquidation in the face of financial insolvency (Brunetti 20). While presenting the case, the companies did not argue that they were doing well in the market, but they rather tried to illustrate their efforts towards avoiding financial crises.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their argument was that the economy would face severe ramifications if one of the major automobile manufacturers were to undergo liquida tion. No details of the projected plan were given, but the manufacturers cited substantial financial gains in general. After debate within the congress, senate, and state administration, the government decided to assist the automobile industry to avoid the impending liquidation for several companies (United States Congress, United States Congress 25). The World Trade Organization has anti subsidy rules that were formulated to ensure that there is a competitive international trade. In addition, the rules were established with the view of increasing free trade in the international arena. WTO ensured that its regulations did not cripple individual governments that wished to take corrective measures to salvage an economy that is on the verge of collapse. Thus, anti-subsidy laws are mild, and are meant to deter governments from subsidizing export and import commodities to the extent where the effect of the subsidies affects other countries and companies in the same trade. Otherwise, smal l subsidies for justifiable reasons are allowed. In addition, to regulate subsidization of products by the government, the WTO has formulated barriers in form of increased tariffs for subsidized products. These barriers are meant to be regulatory measures rather than settle scores among disputing countries. The problem is that the companies could not redeem themselves after the government gave the grants. They eventually had to be liquidated, and more money was used to establish new entities, with a significant amount of capital being contributed by the United States government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subsidies to US Auto Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is obvious that the government had acted to save millions of jobs that were at stake. However, through this action, the government was actually subsidizing the American automobile industry beyond what some financial analysts consider acceptable limits. The situation at Chrysler and General Motors had been partially due to stiff competition. A bailout as substantial as that implemented by the US government seemed like interference with free trade. Most importantly, this action appeared to be a violation of the World Trade Organization’s guidelines on international trade. Other countries could consider bailing out their automobile manufacturing industries to even the scores. Alternating counteractive actions would then lead to hostile tax policies between trading partners, disrupting international trade. Thus, the United States domestic trade policies may be indirect sabotage of international trade (Webel 12). One of the conditions within the subsidies and countervailing measures as outlined by the WTO is that direct transfer of funds must be evident for the bailout to be considered a valid subsidy. In addition, the said subsidy must the directed towards a specific sector of the economy or industry. In that case, the US government’s action qualifies to be classified a subsidy. Furthermore, the US government issued funds directly to a few organizations. WTO requires signatories to its guidelines to avoid directly subsidizing those industries that manufacture goods purposely for export or import trade (Webel 18). That way, the international trade is protected from machinations of any single country. Other regulations within section II of the trade agreements ratified in Uruguay urge countries to desist from subsidizing major industries such that there is a significant effect on trade partners.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More WTO rules also specify that for a bailout to be considered a subsidy, the law of the particular country must isolate the entities being subsidized as the only industries eligible for the particular subsidy. Moreover, WTO considers any benefit of an industry acquired through foregoing of debts owed to the government amounts to a valid subsidy. Since the program was directed by congress in the United States, it qualifies as a valid subsidy to companies that deal in merchandise meant for export. The actions of the United States government contravene almost all guidelines of WTO Uruguay convention regulations (Webel 21). Any member of WTO or automobile manufacturer, which wishes to file a complaint with WTO, may prove several facts to validate its claim. One of the conditions is that the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation caused a significant setback to the complaining entity’s domestic operations or progress. Secondly, the complaining entity may prove that th e defendant nation hindered the benefit of the complainant by subsidizing a certain industry beyond the acceptable maximum level. Finally, the complaining entity may prove that the defendant nation had prejudice in its action to subsidize a competing rival of the complainant. Several setbacks would face any country or automobile manufacturer that would wish to challenge the United States Bailout program to the WTO as a violation of WTO agreements. For WTO to accept the complaints by any country or automotive manufacturer there must be enough proof to validate the claim (Webel 24). One of the requirements is that the complainant in the case must proof that the United States government subsidized goods meant for export directly. Furthermore, there should be proof that the United States government benefited the companies that were subject to assistance. It is difficult to determine whether there was any benefit for the American automotive manufacturers. The complex procedures and disso lution of the two companies is difficult to analyze, particularly because the old business entities were eventually dissolved and new ones formed. If countermeasures were to be applied by the WTO, the implications of the past subsidies would remain, and the said measures would act just as a deterrent to any future violation of international trade laws. This means that the complainant would not be compensated for any damage caused by the subsidies. For this reason, the complainant may not be motivated to file any complaint against a subsidization that has already occurred. The lack of any financial award by WTO arbitration is a major setback to the international law (Webel 26). As of now, the subsidization of the two American automakers by the government of the United States remains a perceived action rather than a proven fact. Although is it is difficult to proof guilt or take action against the united states of America for the perceived misconduct, there are implications arising fr om reaction of the international market, foreign automotive manufacturers, and other countries that are preparing themselves to take similar action, should multinational companies operating in the country require government assistance. When subsidies are given to an industry with a significant share of international market, a degenerative effect is likely to occur. Competitiveness of companies within the international market becomes impaired by such actions. Apart from the automotive manufacturing industry, other sectors are likely to suffer from changes in trade tariff. Many of the countries involved in substantial trade with the United States may raise tariff so imports from the United States in response to the unfair subsidization of the United States motor industry. However, action by aggrieved parties may also be hampered by the economic power of the corporations that were subsidized. General Motors Corporation and Chrysler are comparatively smaller than the largest automobile manufacturers in the world (Webel 29. However, they operate on a multinational scale and employ citizens of their host countries. Closure of the two companies may make the companies lay off their workers in some of the countries. Thus, any country with interest in either General Motors or Chrysler is not likely to file any complaint against the automobile makes since such an action goes against their interest. Following the support of Chrysler and General Motors by the American government, some of Europe’s automobile manufacturers have been taking similar action though on a smaller scale. It is the difficult for WTO to impose any barrier to such action since no action has been taken against the US government decision to bailout domestic automobile manufacturers. Germany gave one and half billion Euros to Opel, a General Motors corporation subsidiary. On the other hand, France tried to influence Renault by giving the company a loan of about eight billion Euros. Britain also ga ve a loan of three million dollars to domestic automobile manufacturers (Lincicome 9). All these moves by European countries were reactions to the subsidizing of general motors and Chrysler by American government. In turn, the companies that received the said favors, continued to take actions that would indirectly benefit the countries that offered loans and bailouts. Such actions may cause mistrust and therefore fragmentation of global automobile trade. The practice may also spread to other industries, and eventually cause a global depression. It can be argued that the actions of countries that have significant manufacturing industry are a response to the actions of the United States. On the other hand, such actions may be considered efforts by the governments to salvage one of their most important industries from collapse. However, all these subsidies given to the automobile manufacturing industry around the world are a violation of WTO rules in one way or another (Lincicome 14). On careful analysis of the procedures and circumstances, one may choose to consider the actions as a part of a commercial war among the countries that host competing manufacturing industries. Although grants were given to several automotive manufacturing industries around the world, it is important to consider the circumstances of the period within which relief was offered to the manufacturers. The year 2008 had an economic depression that threatened to bog down many industries apart from the automotive manufacturing sector. In the case of United States, it is reasonable to take into account for the size of the automobile industry and its role in the economy. The jobs that Chrysler Corporation and General Motors offered to the public were too many for the government to risk losing. Such a big loss of jobs would have serious political and financial implications for the country. Thus, logic dictates that any government in a similar position would have gone to such a length to rescue t he automotive manufacturing industry. It is also possible that if the United States had sought permission or exemption from WTO or other countries with significant automotive manufacturing sector, it would have taken too long for the bailout programs to be useful to the situation in the industry (Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry 45). Similarly, it would have taken too long for United States government to present an amendment proposal to the WTO for consideration to favor its remedy for the automotive industry. Thus, to many observers, the United States did what was in the best interest of the citizens. Furthermore, the United States has other subsidy program for automotive makers other than the plan to bail out Chrysler and General Motors (Chong 45). For example, the United States government has endeavored to provide financial assistance to companies that sell automotive parts to Chrysler and General motors’ in order to maintain smooth trade for the organizations. In turn, manufacturing process at General motors and Chrysler is smooth. Through this mechanism, losses are avoided. However, some of the organizations that benefit from this plan are foreign companies in which the United States government has little direct interest. One can then conclude that the United States bails out companies within the country, but also provides similar assistance to companies outside the country (Chong 53). In such a situation, there is no substantial reason to allege that the United States government had prejudice against some foreign manufacturers. However much the United States government was justified in implementing its contingency plan in the case of automobile manufacturers, there is need to follow trade rules to ensure that there is cooperation in international trade (Lincicome 15). It is important for the country, which is the leading economic power, to show faith in rules and regulations that it has previously championed. The Uruguay concessions were formulated under the patronage of the United States and other leading economic powers. Consequently, it becomes hypocritical for the champion of the said laws to be the first to breach them. Although one cannot conclude that the subsidization of automotive industry in Europe was a reaction to the American case, it could still be a possibility. Thus, whether the government of the United States had a credible reason to bailout its automotive manufacturing industry or not, the fact remains that the US government breached international trade laws. Brunetti, Paul. United States Economic Policy: US subsidies in the context of World Trade Organisation. United States Economic Policy 33.5 (2011): 7-24. Print. Chong, Michael D.. Study of the crisis in the automotive sector in Canada report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. Ottawa, Ont.: Canada Parliament House of Commons, 2009. Print. Lincicome, Scot. Countervailing Calamity How to Stop the Global Subsidies Race.Policy Analysis 11.7 (2012): 1-36. Print. Technological innovation and public policy: the automotive industry. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. United States Congress, United States Congress. Congressional Oversight Panel September oversight report: the use of TARP funds in the support and reorganization of the domestic automotive industry.. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. :, 2009. Print. Webel, Baird. Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP): Implementation and Status. Congressional Research Service36.5 (2012): 4-33. Print.

Unlawful Discrimination II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unlawful Discrimination II - Assignment Example mployer (Hillbrook Manufacturing Company Ltd) because she was not remunerated on equal employment terms with her male counterparts in the same kind of job. Mrs. Lauren had worked for Hillbrook Manufacturing Company limited for more than ten years. However, during her tenure for work, she was being paid less than her male counterparts due to under assessment which was being conducted by her immediate supervisors. She decided to file a case against her employer based on gender inequality. The statutes prohibit any unfairness by the employer to the employees hence Mrs. Lauren was acting according to the law. The United States judicial system recognizes any form of partiality at the working environment. The employer in this case was being undermined and underpaid compared to her male counterparts. This is against â€Å"Equal pay Act† of United States which requires all employers to remunerate their employees equally irrespective of their gender. Also, this was characterized by inequality hence it was against Equal Employment Opportunity Act (Beiner, 2004). This act requires all workers to be treated the same way irrespective of their social, political, race or even religious background. Therefore, biasness portrayed by the employer in this case was tantamount to breach of law. When dealing with the matter of biasness in the working place, judges should first establish the truth about the alleged inequity. They have to prove that the wronged person was indeed being underpaid and under evaluated compared to other male workers. Therefore, Mrs. Lauren should provide enough evidence to affirm that she was being underpaid, and that this was due to her gender. However, it is the employee’s responsibility to notify the court and provide evidence for the allegations against the employer (Beiner, 2004). The claim must support that the employees was not given equal chances and opportunities like her male counterparts. The role of judge is providing justice to the wronged

What Should Eastern European Migrants in UK Do In Order To Be More Dissertation

What Should Eastern European Migrants in UK Do In Order To Be More Gainfully Employed - Dissertation Example 20 i. Factors that will make the Eastern European Migrant Workers become More Gainfully Employed in UK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 III. Research Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 a. Primary Research Study Design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 b. Quantitative Research Survey Questionnaire Design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 c. Site Settings, Population and Sample Size †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 d. Methods of Quantitative Measurements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 24 e. Research Ethics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 IV. Research Findings and Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 V. Conclusion and Recommendations...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 a. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31 b. Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 32 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 34 Appendixes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦ 45 Appendix I – Research Survey Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.. 45 Appendix II – Summary of Research Survey Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦... 48 Tables and Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 52 Table I – List of Qualifications According to Each Category †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 52 Table II – Out-of-Work Benefits...The ability to work and to live abroad made thousands of people leave their home and go to look for a better living in UK. Hull, like other cities in UK experienced rising number of immigrants coming from East and Central Europe. According to Department for Work & Pensions, the total number of immigrants coming to Hull between 2004 – 2008 from east and central European countries was 6.780. Even though news reports claim that the economic recession in UK has ended (Allen 2011), a lot of Eastern European Immigrant workers are still facing difficulties with employment in UK. To understand why the Eastern European Immigrant workers are still facing difficulties with employment in UK, this study aims to gather secondary research data in order to clarify what is going on in the UK economy today. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a research survey will be conducted in order to learn more about the specific hopes and needs of the Eastern European migrant workers in the UK.

Science and Policy studies (Antarctica) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science and Policy studies (Antarctica) - Essay Example Since the find of large quantity of oil resources underneath the seabed, various countries lying in the geographical proximity of the Antarctic region have staked claim to certain regions of this land. If one were to go back in history, one would wind that international co-operation in field of Antarctic exploration dated way back to 1882 which incidentally was the first Polar Year. The second Polar year was held in 1932 with forty nations supporting the cause in the study of meteorology and radio science. However, these noble designs of international studies were marred even then by politics, with Britain staking a claim to a portion of the land in 1908. By 1930 France, Norway and Chile had made their claims to certain regions in the Antarctic. Britain had in the meantime setup up a permanent base by sending an expedition code named Operation Tabarin. The era of Cold War also saw several expeditions being taken up by America and Russia which apart from being research oriented was al so a method in power posturing. The present scenario is quite complex with a number of sovereign countries staking claim to the region. US as a superpower has not claimed any part of Antarctica nor has it recognized the claims made by any of the other countries. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic research was established for the purpose of enhancing cooperation in the field of research and knowledge sharing. The twelve countries include the US, UK and USSR who contributed a significant amount to its early budget. The Antarctic Treaty was signed on 23rd June 1961 by member countries who pledged to engage in more constructive and peaceful scientific research while at the same time putting individual claims on the backburner.( Dodds Klaus, 2010, Governing Antarctica) This lay to rest some of the apprehensions of Britain, Chile and Argentina. This treaty which was signed by twelve members initially has now forty seven members to its credit. (Crawford Elisabeth et al, 1992)This treaty brought about in the form of a legal framework described measures to keep the Antarctic region under a system of good governance. Apart from the find of energy resources, some of the other issues which affected the politics of the region were illegal fishing and unregulated tourism. The Antarctic Treaty system is also taking measures to control the prominence of illegal fishing menace since these areas fall outside the ambit of any one particular country law. Source: www.archivegreenpeace.org, 1990, crew of the Kyo-maru pulls a Minke whale toward its port side Two notable measures adopted were the Agreed Measure for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964 and the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) established in 1982. The CCAMLR has sought to curb the illegal fishing of species like Patagonian tooth fish and ice fish. The other cause of concern is that unregulated tourism to this region has disturbed the eco balance of this region. In 2007-2008 , it was estimated that 50,000 people visited this areas like the Punta Arenas and Stanley near the Faulkland islands. (Elzinga Aant, 1993) Illegal whaling off the Antarctic coast although monitored by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has not been able to contain this

Sociology of Crime and Punishment

Sociology of Crime and Punishment Figuring out why people commit crime has always been the underlying question in criminology. Over the years, a lot of sociologists have developed theories has to why people may commit crimes. Does society have anything to do with why someone commits a crime? Does having a mental diseases has any factor as to why people commit crime? Or could it just simply be because they wanted to? All of the questions run through a sociologists mind when trying to come to one concise answer. Unfortunately, there isnt just one answer to this question, rather there are multiple factors that weigh into why someone may commit a crime. Elijah Anderson, Robert Merton and Walter Reckless, have all developed theories from their own personal research as to why people commit crime. In this paper I will talk about their theory and whether I agree or disagree with their theory. In Elijah Anderson, Code of the Street theory, code referring to a set of informal rules that influences someones public behavior, he categorizes people who live in the street and the decent families, to formulate a sense of inner-city life. The decent families are hard working, has mainstream values and instill them into their children, unlike the street families that are dysfunctional, and seems to have no interest in the childs life. Decent families, seems to be more civil, whereas the street families are angry and are aggressive with their children. These are the children that often use the term come up hard when referring to their childhood. This then leads to the point that people who grew up in a street family home are more likely to commit crimes simply because their parents were not involved in their life. They are also usually the child that hang out on the streets and stay out late. Whereas with decent families, children are taught to stay out of trouble and has a curfew. Many of the children that grew up in street families, value respect and loyalty from others within the streets, and if they were to ever be tested they will retaliate with violence. Robert Mertons strain theory, believes that society place a big part in a person becoming deviant. His theory stated that society places a big emphasis on the American Dream and that we all have to attain it. This then places pressure on an individual in society to conform. Some people choose whether to work hard to achieve those goals or become deviant in order to achieve those goals. Merton felt as though equal opportunity within society to achieve the American Dream was nonexistent, so resolve those strains, people adapt, or in other words Modes of Adaptation. According to Merton there are five modes of adaptation, conformity, innovation, ritualism, and rebellion. Lastly, Walter Recklesss theory believed that there were forces that propel people to commit deviant activities. Such forces are pushes and pulls. Pushes would be psychological or social conditions and pulls are following fellow delinquents. These would be considered two types of containment, outer and inner. Inner refers to self control, a sense of right or wrong and moral or religious beliefs. Outer refers to influential individuals, such as teachers and families as well as authorities. This then leads to the point of, the more likely someone is to conform to societys norms, the less likely they are to participate in deviant behaviors. Out of these three theories, the two main theories that were interesting were Elijah Andersons code of the street theory andÂÂ   Robert Mertons strain theory. In Andersons theory, he mentions that there are two types of families, which I agree with, but what I disagree with is that I dont believe that just because someone grew up in a street family home that they are more likely to commit crimes. For instance, I have heard of stories where the parents are well grounded and are well involved in their childs life, but yet the child becomes a criminal. Other factors such as the child wanting to fit in with a specific crowd that they may consider cool, can have an influence on whether the child develop deviant behaviors to fit in within that group. And on the other hand, I have heard stories of children that grew up into a street family home and they chose a different path in life. They were motivated by their struggling situations, to work hard and pull themselves up by their boot straps, so that they can achieve greater things and become positive forces in society. Now Mertons theory, I seem to agree with completely. Societys emphasis on the American Dream and wealth, can become very strenuous on an individual. Especially because not all individuals can obtain it. People try so hard to conform to societys norms, that they sometimes dont rationalize that their way of conforming may be right or wrong, especially for the poor. This is why many of them resort to stealing and selling drugs. As like many other research, they can sometimes be biases. For example, both Merton and Anderson only looked at children or juvenile delinquents. Like I mentioned before, children are easily persuaded, they often do things to fit in. My question now is, if they were to take all other factors that children have to go through would their theory remain the same?

Communication Is A Two Way Flow Essay

Communication is a two way flow of conversation where something is achieved e.g information effective communication is important in health and social care because through communication which is listening and talking you can make a better relationship with client. effective communication can make you understand your client emotions and feelings for example if a nurse is having a conversion with a patient and the nurse seem friendly , have positive body languages and interacting well, the patient is likely to open up to the nurse and discuss any worry that he/she is facing, which lead to better relationship. when communicating you need to show that you’re interested in what the person is saying, the more you look interested the more the person is going to trust and open up you. In health and social care you communicate with patient, colleague and other professionals for example if you were a doctor and you want to refer a patient to a surgeon, you would have to talk to the surge on to sort the patient operation. Conjunction with colleague us important because if you have a good relationship colleagues it would make the work a better place and make patients feel comfortable because they can sense if staffs are getting along. There are different types of communication informal and formal. informal: this is used between family and friends. Different social groups use different informal language to communicate so it might be hard for other people to understand. formal: this is used in health and social care for example if you went to a service they would say ‘good morning, how IIvan I help’ thus us to show that they respect you. multi agency working. Working with other professional for example GP ,hospital service require formal communication. non verbal communication is communicating without speaking, like facial expressions, sign language, gestures, eye contact, posture and tone of voice, this kind of communication can sometimes speak louder than words. Written communication, This is central to the work of any person providing a service in a health and social care environment when keeping records and in writing reports. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more formal style of writing is needed when recording information about a patient. It would be unacceptable to use text message abbreviations, such as ‘l8er’. Effective communication, including active listening, can be hard work. People  who work in health or social care environments tend to enjoy learning about other people and their lives. Things can go wrong, however, if: †¢ the context is wrong, e.g. the surroundings are unsuitable due to lack of privacy †¢ the service provider and service user are mismatched. Sometimes communication breaks down because of factors such as age, education level, gender and ethnic background †¢ a person withholds information because they fear being judged, for example, they have taken illegal drugs †¢ a person fears that confidentiality will be broken, even though this should never happen, for example, about their sexual orientation †¢ the service user thinks that the advice given is too vague and has not asked for clarification †¢ the subject matter is embarrassing, such as talking about sex or intimate body parts †¢ a person fears they are going to hear bad news so avoids going to a service provider until it is too late to help. If health and social care workers do not develop good communication skills, the effectiveness of their work will be reduced and things can go wrong. This will not help service users to feel good about themselves and can lead to worse consequences. Remember, it is important to overcome problems such as those listed above, communicate effectively, including checking understanding, so that you get the best out of your interactions with colleagues and service users. Formal or Informal Group conversations are more formal, clear and straight forward, eye contact, listening to everyone, pronociation Informal is less formal, don’t have to speak loudly, back and forward talking, more personal Argyle’s theory of the communication cycle centre’s on six core concepts, or, a cycle. The cycle is as follows: 1. An idea occurs. For example, let us say that our idea is wanting to buy a  car. 2. Message coded. This would be us putting our desire of a car into whatever medium we wish to communicate with. This may be a language, pictures, writing, or any other medium you can think of. 3. Message sent. Here we have communicated our desire for wanting a car. 4. Message received. The person or perhaps target audience we wish to notify of our desire to have a car [perhaps a parental figure] has received our message. 5. Message decoded. They now must take what we have said and attempt to decode it. Now, â€Å"I want a car† is pretty straightforward, but remember, not everyone is as transparent as this, and this is the step where communication breakdown may occur as they may decode our message incorrectly. 6. Message understood. Hopefully the last step was effective and they understand what you were trying to communicate. Now the cycle can begin anew. Burnard and Morrison According to the Philip Burnard and Paul Morrison (1997), A lot of communication in care work involves building a relationship with the service user. This involves giving them emotional support which builds trust. They also argued that communication without caring for the person in some way would not be able to work. Service users that go through emotional issues i.e. A teenager being sexual abused by a youth worker, is often at first a difficult and sensitive issue to talk about has a social worker for example. Any difficult and sensitive issues should focus on the emotional needs of the service user rather than giving out advice and information that is not needed since it is not needed since the service user is already likely to be overwhelmed with grief. In health and social care setting, Professionals should always try be supportive within difficult situations since this will help would towards making effective communication start between the  professional and the service user. Tuckman The environment can affect how well a communication goes, if the environment is a distraction it can cause a conversation to not flow very well, however the environment could help create a cincerarion.